Research Article
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Year 2023, , 97 - 103, 22.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1195035

Abstract

References

  • [1] Guo Y, Ruan K, Shi X, Yang X, Gu J, “Factors affecting thermal conductivities of the polymers and polymer composites: A review,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 193, pp. 2020 108134.
  • [2] Fu S, Sun Z, Huang P, Li Y, Hu N, “Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 1, pp. 2-30, 2019.
  • [3] Mamunya YP, Davydenko VV, Pissis P, Lebedev EV, “Electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers filled with metal powders,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 38(9), pp. 1887-1897, 2002.
  • [4] Mamunya YP, Zois H, Apekis L, Lebedev E V, “Influence of pressure on the electrical conductivity of metal powders used as fillers in polymer composites,” Powder Technology, vol. 140(1-2), pp. 49-55, 2004.
  • [5] Zhu K, Schmauder S, “Prediction of the failure properties of short fiber reinforced composites with metal and polymer matrix,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 28(3-4), pp. 743-748 2003.
  • [6] Fontaine G, Bourbigot S, Duquesne S, “Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent: Facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 93, pp. 68-76, 2008.
  • [7] Younis AA, “Evaluation flammability, mechanical and electrical properties of polypropylene after using zinc borates and montmorillonite,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 35(2), pp. 1-15, 2019.
  • [8] Feng C, Zhanga Y, Liang D, Liua S, Chi Z, Xua J, “Influence of zinc borate on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 115, pp. 224-232 (2015)
  • [9] Baltaci B, Çakal GO, Bayram G, Eroglu I, Özkar S, “Surfactant modified zinc borate synthesis and its effect on the properties of PET,” Powder Technology, vol. 244, pp. 38-44, 2013.
  • [10] Shi X, Xiao Y, Yuan L, Sun J, “Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of 2D and 3D 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O nano/microstructures with different morphologies,” Powder Technology, vol. 189, pp. 462-465, 2009.
  • [11] Ahmad Ramazani SA, Rahimi A, Frounchi M, Radman S, “Investigation of flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of zinc borate and aluminum hydroxide propylene composites,” Materials and Design, vol. 29, pp. 1051-1056, 2008.
  • [12] Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yu Y,2 Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jiang J, “Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate, montmorillonite, and zinc borate,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 136(11), 2019 47180
  • [13] Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu1 X, Lu C, Cai Y, Ma L, Shi G, Yang L, “Effect of montmorillonite on the flame-resistant and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 128(3), pp. 1417-1427 2017.
  • [14] Li S, Long B, Wang Z, Tian Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, “Synthesis of hydrophobic zinc borate nanoflakes and its effect on flame retardant properties of polyethylene,” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 183, pp. 957-962, 2010.
  • [15] Cui Y, Liu X, Tian Y, Ding N, Wang Z, “Controllable synthesis of three kinds of zinc borates and flame retardant properties in polyurethane foam,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 214, pp. 274-280, 2012.
  • [16] Makhlouf G, Hassan M, Nour M, Abdel-Monem YK, Abdelkhalik A, “Evaluation of fire performance of linear low-density polyethylene containing novel intumescent flame retardant,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 130, pp. 1031-1041, 2017.
  • [17] Ozkaraca AC, “Flame retardancy effects of zinc borate and nanoclay in abs, and boron compounds in PET,” Middle East Technical University. The Graduate School Of Natural And Applied Sciences. The degree of master, 2011.
  • [18] Bölek H, “Production and characterization of zinc borate-polymer nano composites,” Marmara University Institute For Graduate Studies In Pure And Applied Sciences. The degree of master, 2011.
  • [19] Ureyen ME, Kaynak E, “Effect of zinc borate on flammability of pet woven fabrics,” Advances in Polymer Technology, 2019 7150736 [20] Qin J, Liu N, Wang N, Li L, He W, Guo J, Chen X, Zhang K, Yu J, “Synergistic effect of modified expanded graphite and zinc borate on the flammability, thermal stability and crystallization behavior of lldpe/eva composites with Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3,” Polymer Composites, vol. 40(S1), pp. 687-694, 2019.
  • [21] Ersoy S, Tasdemir M, “Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties,” Marmara University Journal of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 24(4), pp. 93-104, 2012.
  • [22] Yerlesen U, Tasdemir M, “Effect of zinc oxide and zinc borate on mechanical properties of high density polyethylene,” Romanian Journal Of Materials, vol. 45(4), pp. 364-369, 2015.
  • [23] Guldas A, Cankaya A, Gullu A, Guru A, “Determinat on of rheological properties of zinc borate reinforced polypropylene,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 29(2), pp. 227-234, 2014.

Effect of UV Aging on the Physical Properties of Polypropylene/Zinc Borate Polymer Composites

Year 2023, , 97 - 103, 22.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1195035

Abstract

Plastics, which have a wide range in terms of production method, have also replaced traditional materials because their chemical and physical properties can be changed in the desired direction. The structural changes that occur when functional filler-additives are used during production cause improvements in many physical properties of the new plastic obtained. The use of boron and boron compounds as additives positively affects the mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and physical properties of the polymer composite. As it is known, plastics, which are flammable by nature, have a low oxygen index and therefore pose a danger to human life and the environment due to the threat of fire. In this study, the effects of zinc borate, which has flame retardant property, on the physical and morphological properties of polypropylene were investigated. In addition, the effects of aging were investigated by UV aging at 70C for 15 and 30 days on the polymer composites produced in the study. PP/ZnB polymer composites with different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20%) were produced in a twin screw extruder to provide a more homogeneous mixture. Test samples of polymer composites, which were brought into granule form with the help of a grinder, were successfully molded in the injection machine. Limit oxygen index (LOI) to examine the flaming behavior of the samples, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point, melt flow index (MFI) test to examine the thermal behavior, moisture content and density test to examine the physical properties of the samples were performed. The microstructure examination of polymer composites was made with a scan electron microscope (SEM).

References

  • [1] Guo Y, Ruan K, Shi X, Yang X, Gu J, “Factors affecting thermal conductivities of the polymers and polymer composites: A review,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 193, pp. 2020 108134.
  • [2] Fu S, Sun Z, Huang P, Li Y, Hu N, “Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 1, pp. 2-30, 2019.
  • [3] Mamunya YP, Davydenko VV, Pissis P, Lebedev EV, “Electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers filled with metal powders,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 38(9), pp. 1887-1897, 2002.
  • [4] Mamunya YP, Zois H, Apekis L, Lebedev E V, “Influence of pressure on the electrical conductivity of metal powders used as fillers in polymer composites,” Powder Technology, vol. 140(1-2), pp. 49-55, 2004.
  • [5] Zhu K, Schmauder S, “Prediction of the failure properties of short fiber reinforced composites with metal and polymer matrix,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 28(3-4), pp. 743-748 2003.
  • [6] Fontaine G, Bourbigot S, Duquesne S, “Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent: Facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 93, pp. 68-76, 2008.
  • [7] Younis AA, “Evaluation flammability, mechanical and electrical properties of polypropylene after using zinc borates and montmorillonite,” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 35(2), pp. 1-15, 2019.
  • [8] Feng C, Zhanga Y, Liang D, Liua S, Chi Z, Xua J, “Influence of zinc borate on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 115, pp. 224-232 (2015)
  • [9] Baltaci B, Çakal GO, Bayram G, Eroglu I, Özkar S, “Surfactant modified zinc borate synthesis and its effect on the properties of PET,” Powder Technology, vol. 244, pp. 38-44, 2013.
  • [10] Shi X, Xiao Y, Yuan L, Sun J, “Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of 2D and 3D 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O nano/microstructures with different morphologies,” Powder Technology, vol. 189, pp. 462-465, 2009.
  • [11] Ahmad Ramazani SA, Rahimi A, Frounchi M, Radman S, “Investigation of flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of zinc borate and aluminum hydroxide propylene composites,” Materials and Design, vol. 29, pp. 1051-1056, 2008.
  • [12] Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yu Y,2 Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jiang J, “Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate, montmorillonite, and zinc borate,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 136(11), 2019 47180
  • [13] Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu1 X, Lu C, Cai Y, Ma L, Shi G, Yang L, “Effect of montmorillonite on the flame-resistant and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 128(3), pp. 1417-1427 2017.
  • [14] Li S, Long B, Wang Z, Tian Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, “Synthesis of hydrophobic zinc borate nanoflakes and its effect on flame retardant properties of polyethylene,” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 183, pp. 957-962, 2010.
  • [15] Cui Y, Liu X, Tian Y, Ding N, Wang Z, “Controllable synthesis of three kinds of zinc borates and flame retardant properties in polyurethane foam,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 214, pp. 274-280, 2012.
  • [16] Makhlouf G, Hassan M, Nour M, Abdel-Monem YK, Abdelkhalik A, “Evaluation of fire performance of linear low-density polyethylene containing novel intumescent flame retardant,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 130, pp. 1031-1041, 2017.
  • [17] Ozkaraca AC, “Flame retardancy effects of zinc borate and nanoclay in abs, and boron compounds in PET,” Middle East Technical University. The Graduate School Of Natural And Applied Sciences. The degree of master, 2011.
  • [18] Bölek H, “Production and characterization of zinc borate-polymer nano composites,” Marmara University Institute For Graduate Studies In Pure And Applied Sciences. The degree of master, 2011.
  • [19] Ureyen ME, Kaynak E, “Effect of zinc borate on flammability of pet woven fabrics,” Advances in Polymer Technology, 2019 7150736 [20] Qin J, Liu N, Wang N, Li L, He W, Guo J, Chen X, Zhang K, Yu J, “Synergistic effect of modified expanded graphite and zinc borate on the flammability, thermal stability and crystallization behavior of lldpe/eva composites with Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3,” Polymer Composites, vol. 40(S1), pp. 687-694, 2019.
  • [21] Ersoy S, Tasdemir M, “Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties,” Marmara University Journal of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 24(4), pp. 93-104, 2012.
  • [22] Yerlesen U, Tasdemir M, “Effect of zinc oxide and zinc borate on mechanical properties of high density polyethylene,” Romanian Journal Of Materials, vol. 45(4), pp. 364-369, 2015.
  • [23] Guldas A, Cankaya A, Gullu A, Guru A, “Determinat on of rheological properties of zinc borate reinforced polypropylene,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 29(2), pp. 227-234, 2014.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Elif Ulutaş 0000-0001-7753-8878

Münir Taşdemir 0000-0001-8635-7251

Publication Date March 22, 2023
Submission Date October 26, 2022
Acceptance Date February 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

IEEE E. Ulutaş and M. Taşdemir, “Effect of UV Aging on the Physical Properties of Polypropylene/Zinc Borate Polymer Composites”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 97–103, 2023, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1195035.



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