Determination of Antifungal Effect of Wood Vinegar Obtained from Hazelnut Shells Against Mold Factors in In-Vitro Conditions

Abstract

This study was carried out at in vitro conditions to determine the antifungal effect of the wood vinegar obtained from hazelnut shells, on Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum microfungi. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% of the wood vinegar was allowed to incubation for 7 days at 24 ± 1 °C after inoculation of 5 mm diameter mycelium discs of microfungi. At the end of incubation, the colony diameters of the microfungi were measured and the % inhibition rates of the wood vinegar, were calculated according to the controls. Results of One-way ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among the doses (P=0.000). Based on the Dunnett’s test results, it was determined that the differences between the control group and the other doses of wood vinegar were statistically significant except for the 1% mL wood vinegar dose. As a result; it is possible to concluded that wood vinegar may be used for the prevention of mold fungi. 

Keywords

• Antifungal,Microfungi,Wood vinegar,In-Vitro

Fındık Kabuklarından Elde Edilmiş Odun Sirkesi’ nin In-Vitro Şartlarında Küf Etmenlerine Karşı Antifungal Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma fındık kabuklarından elde edilen odun sirkesi’nin, in vitro şartlarında Aspergillus niger ve Penicillium digitatum mikrofunguslarına karşı antifungal etkisini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Odun sirkesi’nin %1, %3, %5, %7 ve %10 mL’lik konsantrasyonlarının dâhil edildiği Patates Dekstroz Agar (PDA)’a, mikrofungusların 5 mm çapındaki miselyum diskleri inoküle edildikten sonra 24±1 ^oC’de 7 gün boyunca inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. İnkübasyonun sonunda mikrofungusların koloni çapları ölçülmüş ve kontrollere göre odun sirkesinin % engelleme oranları hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda dikkate alınan uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farkların bulunduğu görülmüştür (P=0.000). Varyans analizi sonucunda uygulanan Dunnett testi sonucunda ise kontrol grubu ile %1 mL odun sirkesi hariç, odun sirkesinin diğer dozları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farkların bulunduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; odun sirkesinin küf mantarlarını engellemede kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Antifungal,Mikrofungus,Odun sirkesi,İn-Vitro

References

1. 1. Arısoy H., Oğuz C. 2005. Tarimsal Araştırma Enstitüleri Tarafından Yeni Geliştirilen Buğday Çeşitlerinin Tarım İşletmelerinde Kullanım Düzeyi ve Geleneksel Çeşitler ile Karşılaştırmalı Ekonomik Analizi - Konya İli Örneği - . http://www.tepge.gov.tr/dosyalar/yayinlar/83c3938d2e15467289823d9eb23a05b1.pdf. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, No: 130, Ankara. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.11.2015).
2. 2. İmamoğlu Ö. 2011. Biyokontrolde Doğal Ürünlerin Kullanılması; Kitosan, Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68 (4): 215-22.
3. 3. Aydoğdu H. 2016. Edirne İlinde Hasat Sonrası Depolanmış Buğdaylar Üzerinde Taşınan Mikrofungusların İzolasyon ve İdentifikasyonu, Akademik Gıda, 14 (4): 362-367.
4. 4. Chen S., Edwards C.A., Subler S. 2001. Effects of the Fungicides Benomyl, Captan and Chlorothalonil on Soil Microbial Activity and Nitrogen Dynamics in Laboratory Incubations, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33 (14): 1971-1980.
5. 5. Erdoğan P., Toros S. 2005. Melia azaderach L. (Meliaceae) Ekstraktlarının Patates Böceği [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.:Chrysomelidae)] Larvalarının Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi, Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 45 (1-4): 99-118.
6. 6. Yin A.L. 2008. Isolation and Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds From Pyroligneous Acid of Rhizophora Apiculata (Thesis Doctor of Philosophy). Sains University, Malaysia.
7. 7. Tiilikkala K., Fagernäs L., Tiilikkala J. 2010. History and Use of Wood Pyrolysis Liquids as Biocide and Plant Protection Product, The Open Agriculture Journal, 4 (1): 111-118.
8. 8. Kim D.H., Seo H.E., Lee S., Lee K. 2008. Effects of Wood Vinegar Mixted With Insecticides on the Mortalities of Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Animal Cells and Systems, 12 (1): 47-52.

9. 9. Jothityangkoon D., Koolachart R., Wanapat S., Wongkaew S., Jogloy S. 2008. Using Wood Vinegar in Enhancing Peanut Yield and in Controlling the Contamination of Aflatoxin Producing Fungus, International Crop Science, 4: 253-253.
10. 10. Hagner M. 2013. Potential Of The Slow Pyrolysis Products Birch Tar Oil, Wood Vinegar and Biochar İn Sustainable Plant Protection - Pesticidal Effects. Soil İmprovement and Environmental Risks (Thesis), Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland.
11. 11. Mu J., Uehara T., Furuno T. 2003. Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Regulation of Germination and Radicle Growth of Seed Plants, Journal of Wood Science, 49 (3): 262-270.
12. 12. Baimark Y., Threeprom J., Dumrongchai N., Srisuwan Y., Kotsaeng N. 2008. Utilization of Wood Vinegars as Sustainable Coagulating and Antifungal Agents in the Production of Naturel Rubber Sheets, Journel of Environmental Science and Technology, 1 (4): 157-163. 13. Namlı A., Akça M.O., Turgay E.B., Soba M.R. 2014. Odun Sirkesinin Tarımsal Kullanım Potansiyelinin Araştırılması, Toprak Su Dergisi, 3 (1): 44-52.
13. 14. Omulo G., Willett S., Seay J., Banadda N., Kabenge I., Zziwa A., Kiggundu N. 2017. Characterization of Slow Pyrolysis Wood Vinegar and Tar from Banana Wastes Biomass as Potential Organic Pesticides, Journal of Sustainable Development, 10 (3): 81-92.
14. 15. Koç İ., Yardım E.N., Yıldız Ş. 2017. In Vitro Şartlarında Küf Etmenlerine Karşı Tavuk Gübresinden Elde Edilmiş Odun Sirkesinin Antifungal Etkisi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (4): 516-520.
15. 16. Benjilali B., Tantadui-Elaraki A., Ayadi A., Ihlal M. 1984. Method to Study Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils: Application to The Antifungal Activity of Six Moroccan Essences, Journal of Food Protection, 47: 748-752.
16. 17. Daouk K.D., Dagher M.S., Sattout J.E. 1995. Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L, Journal of Food Protection, 58: 1147-1149.
17. 18. Winer B.J., Brown D.R., Michels K.M. 1971. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, Vol. 2, McGraw-Hill, New York.
18. 19. Chalermsan Y., Peerapan S. 2009. Wood Vinegar: By-Product from Rural Charcoal Kiln and Its Role in Plant Protection, Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, 189-195.
19. 20. Baimark Y., Niamsa Y. 2009. Study on Wood Vinegars for Use as Coagulating and Antifungal Agents on the Production of Natural Rubber Sheets, Biomass and Bioenergy, 33: 994-998.
20. 21. Oramahi H.A., Diba F., Wahdina. 2009. Components and Antifungal Efficiency of Wood Vinegar from Wood Wastes and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, The First International Symposium of Indonesian Wood Research Society, 2nd-3rd November, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, 91.
21. 22. Velmurugan N., Han S.S., Lee Y.S. 2009. Antifungal Activity of Neutralized Wood Vinegar with Water Extracts of Pinus densiflora and Quercus serrata Saw Dusts, International Joournal of Environmental Research, 3 (2): 167-176.
22. 23. Ibrahim D., Kassim J., Sheh-Hong L., Rusli W. 2013. Efficacy of Pyroligneous Acid from Rhizophora apiculata on Pathogenic Candida albicans, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3 (7): 7-13.
23. 24. Oramahi H.A., Yoshimura T. 2013. Antifungal and Antitermitic Activities of Wood Vinegar from Vitex pubescens vahl, Journal of Wood Science, 59 (4): 344-350. 25. Saberi M., Askary H., Sarpeleh A., Hosseini A. 2013. Wood Vinegar as a Biological Product for Managing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, Canadian Journal of Plant Protection (CJPP), 1 (4).
24. 26. Rabbi M.A., Akhter A., Khan M., Kadri H.J., Maitra B., Khatun M.H. 2017. Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Sugarcane Bagasse and Banana Stem Based Wood Vinegar, Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 7 (4): 898-904.
25. 27. Lee D.H., Lee T.S., Kang C.H., Kim J.K., Kang H.Y. 1992. Aptitude Of Wood Vinegar As An Alternative Wood Preservative. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/searchIndex.do?query=Aptitude+of+Wood+Vinegar+as+an+Alternative+Wood+Preservative. Res. Rep. For. Res. Inst. No.45, Forestry Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. (Erişim Tarihi: 22 Şubat, 2016).