Research Article

Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species

Volume: 8 Number: 1 March 12, 2019
EN TR

Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species

Abstract

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) (EC 1.1.1.195) is an enzyme functioning in the reduction of various phenylpropenyl aldehyde derivatives which are precursors in lignin and lignan production. Species-specific CAD genes have been extensively identified in recent years. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to characterize and classify plant CADs. The amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 16 CADs from different plant species were used to compare their physiological properties, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. For this purpose, sequence, phylogenetical, structural analyses of proteins were conducted using various servers. All plant CADs had the characteristic alcohol dehydrogenase (PF08240) and zinc-binding dehydrogenase domains (PF00107). According to the physicochemical analysis, it was revealed that the most of plant CADs (81.25%) were in acidic character. Sequence length (aa) and molecular weight (kDa) of CAD proteins were found in range of 356 -367 and 38.6-40.5 respectively. The highest sequence similarities were found between Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays (95.3%), Panicum virgatum and Sorghum bicolor (90.9%), and Oryza sativa and Zea mays (87.1%) respectively. Plant CADs showed divergent exon-intron structures in which exon numbers were ranged from two to six. Four monocot species (S. bicolor, P. virgatum, Z. mays, and O. sativa) have four exons, whereas Brachypodium distachyon contains only two exons. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CAD proteins mainly divided into two groups. The highest bootstrap values were found as follows: Fragaria vesca-Prunus persica clade (100%), Glycine maxMedicago truncatula (81%), and S. bicolor-Z. mays (72%). The 3D structures of plant CADs showed that Oryza and Vitis had the most divergent structures when compared to the other plant species. Eventually, the data represented here contribute to studies aiming at evaluating the plant CADs extensively and at identifying new CAD genes in other plants.

Keywords

References

  1. 1. Lange, B.M., Lapierre, C. and Sandermann, J.H. (1995) Elicitor-induced spruce stress lignin. Structural similarity to early developmental lignins. Plant Physiol. 108: 1277–1287
  2. 2. Tronchet M, Balagué C, Kroj T, Jouanin L, Roby D 2010. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases-C and D, key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, play an essential role in disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant Pathology 11: 83–92

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Fırat Kurt
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 12, 2019

Submission Date

September 22, 2018

Acceptance Date

February 5, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Kurt, F., & Filiz, E. (2019). Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.462778
AMA
1.Kurt F, Filiz E. Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8(1):26-38. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.462778
Chicago
Kurt, Fırat, and Ertuğrul Filiz. 2019. “Bioinformatical Analyses of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) Proteins from Higher Plant Species”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 8 (1): 26-38. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.462778.
EndNote
Kurt F, Filiz E (March 1, 2019) Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 26–38.
IEEE
[1]F. Kurt and E. Filiz, “Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 26–38, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.462778.
ISNAD
Kurt, Fırat - Filiz, Ertuğrul. “Bioinformatical Analyses of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) Proteins from Higher Plant Species”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (March 1, 2019): 26-38. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.462778.
JAMA
1.Kurt F, Filiz E. Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8:26–38.
MLA
Kurt, Fırat, and Ertuğrul Filiz. “Bioinformatical Analyses of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) Proteins from Higher Plant Species”. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, Mar. 2019, pp. 26-38, doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.462778.
Vancouver
1.Fırat Kurt, Ertuğrul Filiz. Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019 Mar. 1;8(1):26-38. doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.462778

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Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
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