Bioinformatical Analyses of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) proteins from higher plant species
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) (EC 1.1.1.195) is an enzyme functioning in the reduction of various
phenylpropenyl aldehyde derivatives which are precursors in lignin and lignan production. Species-specific CAD
genes have been extensively identified in recent years. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools to characterize
and classify plant CADs. The amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 16 CADs from different plant species were
used to compare their physiological properties, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. For this purpose, sequence,
phylogenetical, structural analyses of proteins were conducted using various servers. All plant CADs had the
characteristic alcohol dehydrogenase (PF08240) and zinc-binding dehydrogenase domains (PF00107). According
to the physicochemical analysis, it was revealed that the most of plant CADs (81.25%) were in acidic character.
Sequence length (aa) and molecular weight (kDa) of CAD proteins were found in range of 356 -367 and 38.6-40.5
respectively. The highest sequence similarities were found between Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays (95.3%),
Panicum virgatum and Sorghum bicolor (90.9%), and Oryza sativa and Zea mays (87.1%) respectively. Plant
CADs showed divergent exon-intron structures in which exon numbers were ranged from two to six. Four monocot
species (S. bicolor, P. virgatum, Z. mays, and O. sativa) have four exons, whereas Brachypodium distachyon
contains only two exons. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CAD proteins mainly divided into two groups.
The highest bootstrap values were found as follows: Fragaria vesca-Prunus persica clade (100%), Glycine maxMedicago truncatula (81%), and S. bicolor-Z. mays (72%). The 3D structures of plant CADs showed that Oryza
and Vitis had the most divergent structures when compared to the other plant species. Eventually, the data
represented here contribute to studies aiming at evaluating the plant CADs extensively and at identifying new CAD
genes in other plants.
Keywords
References
- 1. Lange, B.M., Lapierre, C. and Sandermann, J.H. (1995) Elicitor-induced spruce stress lignin. Structural similarity to early developmental lignins. Plant Physiol. 108: 1277–1287
- 2. Tronchet M, Balagué C, Kroj T, Jouanin L, Roby D 2010. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases-C and D, key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, play an essential role in disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant Pathology 11: 83–92
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
March 12, 2019
Submission Date
September 22, 2018
Acceptance Date
February 5, 2019
Published in Issue
Year 2019 Volume: 8 Number: 1