Laboratory Modelling and Analysis of Displacement Pile in Different Geometries on Alluvial Soils

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 808 - 821, 28.09.2023

Taylan Ulas Dınc , Inci Develioglu , Hasan Fırat Pulat

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1315117

Abstract

Alluvial soils are weak soils require precautions, which have disadvantageous engineering characteristics such as low shear strength and bearing capacity, high void ratio and settlement potential. Different foundation systems are preferred for structures built on these soils to transfer the load effects safely. Pile foundations as a deep foundation is classified depending on various parameters such as; material property, application method, load-bearing method. In this study, cylindrical and square concrete piles with different cross-sections and lateral areas placed in the alluvial soil. The natural alluvial soil taken from İzmir province, Balatcik location was placed in displacement-controlled pile model unit with a unit weight of ≈ 17 kN/m3. The manufactured concrete piles were driven into soil with Standard Proctor hammer. Tensile effects were applied at different time intervals to examine long-term and short-term behavior. As result of experiments, load-displacement (p-y) and displacement-time (y-t) graphs were drawn. When the displacement piles were examined under long-term tension, it was seen that the cylindrical piles displaced most. Square piles with same cross-sectional area with cylindrical piles made less displacement. All studies were modeled 1:1 as numerical and compared with experimental results. Studies showed that the experimental and numerical results for pile behavior were compatible.

Keywords

Alluvial soil, pile modeling, side friction, pile geometry

Project Number

2023-TYL-FEBE-0008

References

• [1] E. I. Stavridakis, “Assessment of anisotropic behavior of swelling soils on the ground and 551 construction work,” in: Al-Rawas AA, Goosen MFA (eds) Expansive soils: recent advances in 552 characterization and treatment. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 371-384, 2006.
• [2] D. Hyndman and D. Hyndman, “Natural hazards and disasters,” Cengage Learning, 2016.L. Liu and H. Miao, "A specification-based approach to testing polymorphic attributes," in Formal Methods and Software Engineering: Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2004, Seattle, WA, USA, November 8-12, 2004, J. Davies, W. Schulte, M. Barnett, Eds. Berlin: Springer, 2004. pp. 306-19.
• [3] A. K. Yadav, K. Gaurav, R. Kishor, and S. K. Suman, “Stabilization of alluvial soil for subgrade using rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse ash and cow dung ash for rural roads,” International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 254-261, 2017.T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and the Digital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conf.e on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.
• [4] R. Sundaram, S. Gupta, and S. Gupa, “Foundations for tall buildings on alluvial deposits—Geotechnical aspects,” Frontiers in Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 369-393, Springer, Singapore.
• [5] M. A. Nunez, L., Briançon, and D. Dias, “Analyses of a pile-supported embankment over soft clay: Full-scale experiment, analytical and numerical approaches,” Engineering Geology, vol. 153, pp. 53-67, 2013.
• [6] M. J. Cassidy, B. W. Byrne, and M. F. Randolph, “A comparison of the combined load behaviour of spudcan and caisson foundations on soft normally consolidated clay,” Géotechnique, vol. 54(2), pp. 91-106, 2004.
• [7] A. S. Vesic, “Design of pile foundations,” NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice, vol. 42, 1977.
• [8] S. Basack, i, G. Goswam, Z. H.Dai & Baruah, P. “Failure-mechanism and design techniques of offshore wind turbine pile foundation: Review and research directions”. Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 19, p. 12666, 2022.
• [9] Chandrasekaran, S. Advanced marine structures. CRC Press, 2015.
• [10] A. I. Al-Mhaidib “Experimental investigation of the behavior of pile groups in sand under different loading rates”. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 889, 2006
• [11] K. Zarkiewicz, “Laboratory experiment of soil vertical displacement measurement near an axially loaded pile”. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 603, No. 3, p. 032012. IOP Publishing, 2019.
• [12] F. S. Tehrani, F. Han, R. Salgado, M. Prezzi, R. D. Tovar, and A. G. Castro, “Effect of surface roughness on the shaft resistance of non-displacement piles embedded in sand,” Géotechnique, vol. 66, no.5, pp. 386-400, 2016.
• [13] W. R., Azzam & M. Al Mesmary, “The behavior of single tension pile subjected to surcharge loading”. NED Univ. J. Res, vol. 7, no.1, pp. 1-12, 2010.
• [14] A. S. Alawneh, A. I. H. Malkawi, & H. Al-Deeky, “Tension tests on smooth and rough model piles in dry sand” Canadian geotechnical journal, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 746-753, 1999.
• [15] J. Yannie, & C. Alén, “Field test of tension piles: on the long-term behaviour. Forskningsrapporter: tillämpad mekanik,” 2015.
• [16] R. Saravanan, P. D. Arumairaj, & T. Subramani, “Experimental model study on ultimate uplift capacity of vertical pile in sand”. Water and Energy International, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 58-66, 2017.
• [17] S. F.Masouleh , & K. Fakharian, “Application of a continuum numerical model for pile driving analysis and comparison with a real case”. Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 35, no.3, pp. 406-418, 2008.
• [18] Tolun M., Laman M., Eksenel yüklü tekil kazığın farklı yöntemlerle sayısal analizi, Adana, 2006.
• [19] Plaxis 2D-3D Scientific Manual, Bentley Advancing Infrasturcture
• [20] EI. Stavridakis Assessment of anisotropic behaviour of swelling soils on ground and 551 construction work. In: Al-Rawas AA, Goosen MFA (eds) Expansive soils: recent advances in 552 characterization and treatment. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 371-384, 2006.
• [21] ASTM D854/D854-14, “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer,” ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
• [22] ASTM D 6913 – 14: Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,USA;2009. [23] Plaxis 2D-3D Scientific Manual, Bentley Advancing Infrasturcture
• [23] ASTM D 422 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, ASTM International;2020. [25] Plaxis 2D-3D Scientific Manual, Bentley Advancing Infrasturcture
• [24] ASTM D7928-16, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. [19] Plaxis 2D-3D Scientific Manual, Bentley Advancing Infrasturcture
• [25] ASTM D 698-12: Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA ;2021.
• [26] British Standard Institution BS 1377-1: Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, London, UK. ; 2016.
• [27] ASTM D4318-10 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA ;2021
• [28] ASTM D2487/D2487-11, “Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System),” ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
• [29] Al-Mhaidib, A. I. “Experimental investigation of the behavior of pile groups in sand under different loading rates” Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 889, 2006.
• [30] Nasr, A. M., Azzam, W. R., & Ebeed, K. E., “Bearing Capacity of Defective Reinforced Concrete Pile in Sand-model Study” Advances in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1-11, 2022.
• [31] K. W. Brown, Design and Construction with the 2006 International Building Code, Foundation Engineering Handbook, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., California, 2006.
• [32] PLAXIS 2D Reference Manual, 2022, p. 157.
• [33] M. Olgun, Y. Yenginar, and A. Hanati, “Interpreting Load-Settlement Curves of Pile Foundations by Graphical Methods,” Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2017.
• [34] J. M. Abbas and H. Q. Ibrahim, “The effect of pile cross section on the lateral behavior of piles under combined loading,” Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 174-179, 2018.
• [35] Y. Lai and G. F. Jin, “Uplift behavior and load transfer mechanism of prestressed high-strength concrete piles,” Journal of Central South University of Technology, vol. 17(1), pp. 136-141, 2010.
• [36] S. W. Jeong, J. Locat, J. K. Torrance, and S. Leroueil, “Thixotropic and anti-thixotropic behaviors of fine-grained soils in various flocculated systems,” Engineering Geology, vol. 196, pp. 119-125, 2015.
• [37] Boswell, P. G. H. (1948). A preliminary examination of the thixotropy of some sedimentary rocks. Q. J. Geol. Soc. 104, 499–526. doi: 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1948.104.01-04.23