Eklektik Bir Psikoterapi Modeli: Bilişsel Analitik Terapiye Bir Bakış

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 63 - 87, 01.07.2021

Ayşe Nur Katmer Fulya Türk

Abstract

Bilişsel Analitik Terapi 1980’li yıllarda Anthony Ryle tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Bilişsel Analitik terapi; psikanalitik nesne ilişkilerini, bilişsel terapiyi, davranışçı terapiyi, Vygotsky’nin sosyal öğrenme kuramını içine alan yenilikçi ve bütünleştirici bir model olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu terapi modeli, kendi hayatı üzerinde kontrolünü kaybettiğini düşünen danışanlarda davranış, duygu ve düşünce örüntülerini işleyerek danışanın kendi hayatını yeniden formüle etmesini sağlamaktadır. Terapi süreci ilk oturumlar, çalışma oturumları ve sonlandırma olmak üzere üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Süreç; danışana ait formülasyon-diyagram geliştirme ve bu formülasyonu yeniden formüle etme temelinde ilerlemektedir. Bu süreç hem bireyin kendini tanıması hem de bireyin hayatına dair yeni bir bakış açısı geliştirmesi için önemlidir. Terapi süreci yapılandırılmıştır. Bu durum uygulayıcıya kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Bilişsel analitik terapiye dayalı yapılmış olan çalışmalarda; bu terapi modelinin borderline, fobi, anksiyete, obsesif kompulsif bozukluklar, depresyon ve yeme bozuklukları gibi problemlerle gelen danışanlar üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra kurama getirilen eleştirilerden biri yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olması ve literatürdeki bilimsel çalışmaların çoğunlukla kuramcının kendisinin çalışmalarından oluşmasıdır. Güncel kuramlardan olan bilişsel analitik terapi dünyada ve ülkemizde henüz yeterince tanınmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişsel analitik terapinin ülkemizde tanınmasını sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışmada bilişsel analitik terapinin tarihi ve gelişimine, kuramsal temellerine ve ilkelerine, temel kavramlarına, terapi sürecine ve terapide kullanılan ilkelere yer verilmiştir. Bilişsel analitik terapi ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar ve bu modele getirilmiş olan eleştirilerin yanı sıra terapist olmak için alınacak eğitim sürecine değinilmiştir.

Keywords

Bilişsel Terapi, Analitik, Eklektik, Vyogotsky, Sosyokültürel Gelişim Kuramı

An Eclectic Psychotherapy Model: A Brief Overview of Cognitive Analytical Therapy

Abstract

Cognitive Analytical Therapy was developed by Anthony Ryle in the 1980s. Cognitive Analytical therapy; it has emerged as an innovative and integrative model that includes psychoanalytic object relations, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and Vygotsky's social learning theory. This therapy model enables the client to reformulate her/his own life by processing patterns of behavior, emotions and thoughts in clients who think they have lost control over their own life. The therapy process consists of three stages: initial sessions, study sessions and termination. Process; it proceeds on the basis of the client's formulation-diagram development and reformulation of this formulation. This process is important both for the individual to know herself/ himself and to develop a new perspective on her/his life. The therapy process is structured. This situation provides convenience to the practitioner. In studies based on cognitive analytical therapy; It was concluded that this therapy model has a positive effect on clients who come with problems such as borderline, phobia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression and eating disorders. In addition, one of the criticisms brought to the theory is that the studies are limited and the scientific studies in the literature are mostly composed of the studies of the theorist herself/himself. Cognitive analytical therapy, which is one of the current theories, is not known enough in the world and in our country yet. The aim of this study is to provide recognition of cognitive analytical therapy in our country. In this context, the history and development of cognitive analytical therapy, its theoretical foundations and principles, its basic concepts, the therapy process and the principles used in therapy are included in the present study. The studies on cognitive analytical therapy and the criticisms brought to this model, as well as the education process to be a therapist are mentioned.

Keywords

Cognitive Therapy, Analytic, Eclectic, Vyogotsky, Sociocultural Developmental Context

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