Human Factor in Change Management: An Example from Turkish Banking Sector

Abstract

Especially in breaucratic huge organizations change management is a more contrevarsary issue due to the fact that they involve several managerial levels and they are highly crowded structures making change management a difficult and necessary issue. On the one hand, in order to be succesful in change management processes companies should give importance to their employees’ ideas and demands which makes human factor an important element of change management process. This study is a case study encompassing a case from Turkish banking sector, explaining how a successful change management process can be realized with the help of human factor. In the study, it was determined that providing the top management and employee support, making a detailed change plan and creating a vision of change that encourages all stakeholders in the planned change processes are factors that facilitate the change process. In order to avoid any inconvenience in the company we have discussed in the case study, we have deliberately avoided sharing the company name.

Keywords

• Change Management,Human Factor,Banking Sector

Değişim Yönetiminde İnsan Faktörü: Türkiye Bankacılık Sektörü Örneği

Abstract

Değişim yönetimi, özellikle bürokratik devasa organizasyonlarda, birden çok yönetim kademesini içermeleri ve değişim yönetimini zor ve gerekli bir konu haline getirmeleri ve oldukça kalabalık yapılar olması nedeniyle daha tartışmalı bir konudur. Diğer bir yandan, değişim yönetiminde başarılı olmak isteyen şirketler, insan faktörünü yani kendi çalışanlarını değişim yönetimi sürecinin önemli bir unsuru haline getirmeli ve onların değişim ile ilgili fikir ve taleplerine önem vermelidir. Bu çalışmada, planlı değişim yönetim süreci ana odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma bir vaka çalışması olup, Türk bankacılık sektöründen yaşanmış bir vaka üzerinden, insan faktörü yardımı ile başarılı bir değişim yönetimi sürecinin nasıl gerçekleştirildiğini açıklanacaktır. Çalışmada planlı değişim süreçlerinde, üst yönetim desteğinin ve çalışan desteğinin sağlanmasının, detaylı değişim planının yapılmasının ve tüm paydaşları teşvik eden bir değişim vizyonunun oluşturulmasının değişim sürecini kolaylaştıran faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Vaka incelemesinde ele aldığımız şirkette herhangi bir rahatsızlık yaratmamak için şirket adını paylaşmaktan kasten kaçınılmıştır.   

Keywords

• Değişim Yönetimi,İnsan faktörü,Bankacılık Sektörü

References

1. Alvesson, M., & Sveningsson, S. (2015). Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. London: Routledge.
2. Atar, A. (2017). Başlangıcından Günümüze Dünyada ve Türkiye’de İslami Bankacılığın Genel Durumu/From the Past to the Present the General Situation of Islamic Banking in the World and Turkey. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(4), 1029-1062.
3. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2002). Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Form 5X). Mindgarden, Redwood City, CA.
4. Balogun, J. (2006) Managing change: steering a course between intended strategies and unanticipated outcomes. Long Range Planning, 39, 29–49.
5. Benzer, J. K., Charns, M. P., Hamdan, S., & Afable, M. (2017). The role of organizational structure in readiness for change: A conceptual integration. Health services management research, 30(1), 34-46.
6. Brown S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2002). The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-based evolution in shifting organizations. In: Kamoche K, Cunha M and Cunha J (eds) Organizational Improvisation. New York: Routledge, 225–256.
7. Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47(4), 667-686.
8. Brown, M., Kulik, C. T., Cregan, C., & Metz, I. (2017). Understanding the change–cynicism cycle: the role of HR. Human Resource Management, 56(1), 5-24.

9. Burnes, B. (2004). Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
10. Çalık, E. B., & Aygün, M. (2017). Geleneksel Bankalar İle Katılım Bankalarının Finansal Performanslarının Basel III Kriterleri Açısından Kıyaslanması. Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics, 7(2), 47-64.
11. Choi, M. (2011). Employees’ attitudes toward organizational change: A literature review. Human Resource Management, 50, 479–500.
12. Dubrin, A. J. (2001). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills, 3rd edn, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 76.
13. Fernandez, S., & Rainey, H. G. (2017). Managing successful organizational change in the public sector. In: Debating Public Administration (pp. 7-26). Routledge.
14. Fronda, Y., & Moriceau, J. L. (2008). I am not your hero: change management and culture shocks in a public sector corporation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(5), 589-609.
15. Furst, S. A., & Cable, D. M. (2008). Employee resistance to organizational change: Managerial influence tactics and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied psychology, 93(2), 453.
16. Grama, B., & Todericiu, R. (2016). Change, resistance to change and organizational cynicism. Studies in Business and Economics, 11(3), 47-54.
17. Hobfoll, S. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptations. Review of General Psychology, 6(4): 302–324.
18. Hogg, M. A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2003). Social identity and leadership processes in groups. In: M. P. Zanna (ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology, 35, (pp. 1–52). San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.
19. Holten, A. L., & Brenner, S. O. (2015). Leadership style and the process of organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(1), 2-16.
20. Imran, M. K., Rehman, C. A., Aslam, U., & Bilal, A. R. (2016). What’s organization knowledge management strategy for successful change implementation?. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(7), 1097-1117.
21. Johnson, J. L., & O'Leary‐Kelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
22. Karanika-Murray, M., Duncan, N., Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D., (2015). Organizational identification, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(8), 1019-1033.
23. Kavanagh, M. H., &; Ashkanasy, N. M. (2006). The impact of leadership and change management strategy on organizational culture and individual acceptance of change during a merger. British Journal of Management, 17(S1), S81-S103.
24. Kelleroğlu, F. (2017). Katılım Bankacılığı Alanında Yaşanan Küresel Gelişmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 157-172.
25. Kieselbach, T., Bagnara, S., Elo, A.-L., Jefferys, S., Joling, C., Kuhn, K., Nielsen, K., Popma, J., Rogovsky, N., Sahler, B., Triomphe, C.E., & Widerszal-Bazyl, M. (2009). Health in Restructuring. Innovative Approaches and Policy Recommendations (HIRES), Rainer Hampp Verlag, Muenchen.
26. Kira, M., Van Eijnatten, F. M., & Balkin, D. B. (2010). Crafting sustainable work: Development of personal resources. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 23: 616-632.
27. Lines, B. C., & Reddy Vardireddy, P. K. (2017). Drivers of Organizational Change within the AEC Industry: Linking Change Management Practices with Successful Change Adoption. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6), 04017031.
28. Luecke, R. (2003). Managing Change and Transition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
29. Moran, J. W., & Brightman, B. K. (2001). Leading organizational change. The Career Development International, 6(2), 111-118.
30. Morin, A. J., Meyer, J. P., Bélanger, É., Boudrias, J. S., Gagné, M., & Parker, P. D. (2016). Longitudinal associations between employees’ beliefs about the quality of the change management process, affective commitment to change and psychological empowerment. Human Relations, 69(3), 839-867.
31. Nadler, D. A., P. K. Thies, & Nadler, M. B. (2001). Culture Change in the Strategic enterprise: Lessons from the Field. In: C. L. Cooper, S. Carwright and P. C. Earley (Eds.), The International Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
32. Neubert, M. J., Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D. S., Chonko, L. B., & Roberts, J. A. (2008). Regulatory focus as a mediator of the influence of initiating structure and servant leadership on employee behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1220-1233.
33. Oreg, S., Vakola, M. & Armenakis, A. (2011), Change recipients’ reactions to organizational change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(4), 461- 524.
34. Pearce, C. L., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors. Group dynamics: Theory, research, and practice, 6(2), 172-197.
35. Pehlivan, P. (2016). Türkiye’de Katılım Bankacılığı ve Bankacılık Sektöründeki Önemi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 31, 296-324.
36. Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2018). Crafting the change: The role of employee job crafting behaviors for successful organizational change. Journal of Management, 44(5), 1766-1792.
37. Rajan, A. (2000) How Can Leaders Achieve Successful Culture Change?, In: Centre for Research in Employment &Technology in Europe, Tonbridge, Kent.
38. Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 224–253.
39. Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View, 2nd edn. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
40. Self, D. R., Armenakis, A. A., & Schraeder, M. (2007). Organi- zational change content, process, and context: A simulta- neous analysis of employee reactions. Journal of Change Management, 7, 211–229.
41. Serban, A., & Iorga, C. (2016). Employee Resistance to Organizational Change Through Managerial Reengineering. In: Proceddings of the 10th International Management Conference (pp. 355-374).
42. Sharif, M. M., & Scandura, T. A. (2014). Do perceptions of ethical conduct matter during organizational change? Ethical leadership and employee involvement. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(2), 185-196.
43. Sonenshein, S. (2016). How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to address social welfare: The role of the social change agent. The Academy of Management Review, 41, 349–366.
44. Specht, J., Kuonath, A., Pachler, D., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2018). How Change Agents’ Motivation Facilitates Organizational Change: Pathways Through Meaning and Organizational Identification. Journal of Change Management, 18(3), 198-217.
45. Stanley, D. J., Meyer, J. P., & Topolnytsky, L. (2005). Employee cynicism and resistance to organizational change. Journal of Business & Psychology, 19(4), 429-459.
46. Stouten, J., Rousseau, D. M., & De Cremer, D. (2018). Successful organizational change: Integrating the management practice and scholarly literatures. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 752-788.
47. Sümer, G., & Onan, F. (2016). Dünyada Faizsiz Bankacılığın Doğuşu, Türkiyedeki Katılım Bankacılığının Gelişme Süreci ve Konvansiyonel Bankacılıktan Farkları. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 296-308.
48. Thomas, R., Sargent, L. D., & Hardy, C., (2011). Managing organizational change: Negotiating meaning and power-resistance relations. Organization Science, 22(1), 22–41.
49. Thompson, R., Joseph, K., Bailey, L., Worley, J., & Wiliams, C. (2000). Organizational change: an assessement for trust and cynicism. Office of Aviation Medicine Washington DC, DOT/FAA/AM-00/14.
50. Todnem By, R. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), 369-380.
51. Tuncay, Ö. Ü. M. (2018). Katılım Bankaları ile Mevduat Bankalarının Finansal Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması. Al-Farabi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 160-176.
52. Turhan, A., & Ferudun, K. (2017). Bireysel müşterilerin katılım bankacılığını tercih etmesini etkileyen faktörler. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(15), 145-182.
53. Uludağ, M. C. (2019). Türkiye'de Katılım Bankacılığının Analitik İncelemesi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, (111), 201-232.
54. Ustaoğlu, D. (2014). Türkiye'de katılım bankacılığı sektördeki yeri ve önemi. Master's thesis. Aydın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
55. Van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Personal resources and work engagement in the face of change. In: J. Houdmont & S. Leka (Eds.), Contemporary occupational health psychology, (p.124-150). Chichester, England: Wiley.
56. Van der Voet, J. (2014). The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure. European Management Journal, 32(3), 373-382.
57. Van der Voet, J., & Vermeeren, B. (2017). Change management in hard times: Can change management mitigate the negative relationship between cutbacks and the organizational commitment and work engagement of public sector employees?. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(2), 230-252.
58. Van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. In: B. Staw and R. M. Kramer (eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, ( pp. 245–297). Greenwich, CN.: JAI Press.
59. Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J.T. (2000). Cynicism about organizational change. Group and Organization Management, 25, 132–153.
60. Wright, B. E., Christensen, R. K., & Isett, K. R. (2013). Motivated to adapt? The role of public service motivation as employees face organizational change. Public Administration Review, 73, 738-747.