Yeni Nesil Çözücüler: Yeşil Kimya Çözücüleri ile Sürdürülebilir Bir Gelecek

Abstract

Çözücüler, endüstriyel ve tüketici uygulamalarında temel bir rol oynar; ancak, genellikle toksik uçucu organik bileşikler (VOC'ler) içeren geleneksel çözücüler, çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi tehditler oluşturur. Sürdürülebilir alternatiflere yönelik acil ihtiyaç, düşük toksisite, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilirlik ve yeşil kimya prensipleriyle uyumlu yeşil çözücülerin geliştirilmesini hızlandırmıştır. Bu inceleme, 2010-2025 yılları arasında ScienceDirect veri tabanında yayımlanan 21.991 yeşil çözücü makalesine dayanan kapsamlı bir bibliyometrik analiz sunmakta ve VOSviewer aracılığıyla yayın eğilimlerini, dergi dağılımlarını, tematik alanları ve anahtar kelime bağlantılarını haritalandırmaktadır. Analiz, 2020’den itibaren yayınlarda belirgin bir artış olduğunu ve çalışmaların yaklaşık %80’inin 2020-2025 döneminde yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir; bu durum, BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri ve AB’nin VOC emisyonlarına yönelik düzenlemeleri gibi küresel sürdürülebilirlik öncelikleriyle uyumludur. Bu çalışma, literatürü eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirerek yeşil çözücü türlerini—su, süperkritik sıvılar (CO2 ve etanol), iyonik sıvılar (ILs), derin ötektik çözücüler (DESs) ve biyo-bazlı çözücüler—ve bunların kimyasal sentez, ilaç, biyoteknoloji, nanoteknoloji ve çevresel iyileştirme (ağır metal ve boya giderimi gibi) alanlarındaki uygulamalarını karşılaştırmaktadır. Yüksek atıf alan çalışmaları ve yayın eğilimlerini inceleyerek şu soruya yanıt aramaktadır: “Yeşil çözücüler, sürdürülebilir kimyasal süreçler için neden umut vericidir ve tam potansiyellerine ulaşmaları için hangi engeller aşılmalıdır?” İnceleme, ölçeklenebilirlik, maliyet ve yaşam döngüsü etkileri gibi temel zorlukları belirlemekte ve yeşil çözücü gelişimini ilerletmek ve küresel sürdürülebilirlik hedefleriyle uyumu güçlendirmek için yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmeleri (LCAs), disiplinler arası uygulamalar, hibrit çözücü sistemleri ve politika çerçeveleri gibi hedefe yönelik araştırma yönleri önermektedir.

Keywords

• Biyo-Bazlı Çözücüler
• Derin Ötektik Çözücüler
• İyonik Sıvılar
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Next Generation Solvents: A Sustainable Future with Green Chemistry Solvents

Abstract

Solvents are indispensable in industrial and consumer applications, yet conventional solvents, often comprising toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pose significant risks to environmental and human health. The urgent need for sustainable alternatives has driven the development of green solvents, characterized by low toxicity, biodegradability, and alignment with green chemistry principles. This review conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 21.991 articles on green solvents published in the ScienceDirect database from 2010 to 2025, utilizing VOSviewer to map publication trends, journal distributions, subject areas, and keyword relationships. The analysis reveals a surge in publications since 2020, with approximately 80% of studies concentrated between 2010 and 2025, reflecting global sustainability priorities such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and EU regulations on VOC emissions. This study critically synthesizes the literature, comparing green solvent types—water, supercritical fluids (CO2 and ethanol), ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and bio-based solvents—and their applications in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and environmental remediation, including heavy metal and dye removal. By analyzing highly cited works and publication trends, it addresses the question: “What makes green solvents promising for sustainable chemical processes, and what barriers must be overcome to realize their full potential?” The review identifies key challenges, such as scalability, cost, and lifecycle impacts, and proposes targeted research directions, including lifecycle assessments (LCAs), interdisciplinary applications, hybrid solvent systems, and policy frameworks, to advance green solvent development and align with global sustainability goals.

Keywords

• Bio-Based Solvents
• Deep Eutectic Solvents
• Ionic Liquids
• Sustainability

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