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AZ91 Magnezyum Alaşımında Soğuma Hızlarının Mekanik ve Korozyon Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 17 - 28, 02.07.2016

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, AZ91 Mg alaşımlarında soğuma hızlarının mikroyapı, mekanik ve korozyon özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla alaşımlar; dört farklı katılaşma hızı veren kademeli dökme demir kalıba dökülmüştür. Mg numunelerin mikroyapıları; optik mikroskop, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), mekanik testleri; sertlik, çekme deneyleri ve korozyon davranışları; daldırma deneyi ve potansiyostat/galvanostat cihazından elde edilen polarizasyon eğrileri yardımı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Korozyon deneylerinde %3.5 NaCl çözeltisi kullanılmıştır.Mekanik deney sonuçları, soğuma hızının artması ile alaşımların çekme, akma dayanımları ve sertliğinin arttığını göstermiştir. Soğuma hızına bağlı mekanik özelliklerdeki artış, tane yapısındaki incelmelere dayandırılmıştır. Korozyon kaybı sonuçları; soğuma hızının artışı ile alaşımın korozyon dayanımının arttığını göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda, polarizasyon testleri, soğuma hızının artmasına paralel olarak alaşımının korozyon akımının (Ikor) azaldığını göstermiştir. Ikor değerindeki iyileşme, hızlı katılaşmadan dolayı mikroyapı içerisindeki intermetalik β (Mg17Al12) fazının azalması ve ağ şeklinin bozulması ile birlikte mikroporozite oranındaki düşüşe dayandırılmıştır.

References

  • Mordike, B.L. ve Ebert T., “Magnesium: properties application-potential”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A,302, pp.37–45, 2001.
  • Friedrich, H., Schumann, S., “Research for a new age of magnesium in the automotive industry”, J Mater. Process. Technol.,117, pp.276–81, 2001.
  • Pekgüleryüz, M.O., Kaya ,A.A., “Creep resistant magnesium alloys for power train aplications”, Advanced Engineering Materials, DGM, 5, pp.197–221, 2004.
  • Staiger, M. P., Pietak, A. M., Huadmai, J. and Dias, G., “Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review”, Biomaterials, 27, pp.1728–1734, 2006.
  • Witte, F., Kaese, V., Haferkamp, H., Switzer, E., Meyer-Lindenberg A., Wirth, C.J. and Windhagen, H., “In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response”, Biomaterials, 26, pp.3557–3563, 2005.
  • Duygulu, Ö., Kaya, R. A., Oktay, G., Berk C. ve Kaya, A. A., “Magnezyum alaĢımları implant olarak kullanılabilir mi? - In vivo çalıĢma bulguları”, 13. Uluslararası Metalurji ve Malzeme Kongresi, TÜYAP Fuar ve Kongre Merkezi, Ġstanbul, 2006.
  • Blawert, C., Hort, N., Kainer, K.U., “Automotive applications of magnesium and its alloys”, Trans.Indian Inst. Met. vol. 57, pp.397–408, 2004.
  • Gray, J.E., Luan B., “Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys - a critical review”, J. Alloys Compd. 336, pp.88–113, 2002.
  • Kurze P., “Corrosion and Surface Protections”, Magnesium Technology, Springer, pp.431–494, 2006.
  • Yuan, G., Sun, Y., Ding, W., “Effect of bismuth and antimony additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 308, pp.38–44, 2001.
  • Hirai, K., Somekawa, H., Takigawa, Y., Higashi, K., “Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature”, Materials Science and Engineering, A, 403, pp.276–280, 2005.
  • Tanverdi, A., Magnezyum alaşımı AZ91’in korozyon davranışına katılaşma hızı ile Si ve Y katkı elementlerinin etkisi,Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005.
  • Zhao, H.L., Guan, S.K., Zheng, F.Y., “Effects of Sr and B addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Materials Research Society, 22, pp.2423–2428, 2007.
  • Ünal M., Magnezyum alaşımlarının döküm özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2008.
  • Koç E., Alaşım elementlerinin magnezyum döküm özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Metal Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Karabük, 2008.
  • Elen L., AZ91 magnezyum alaşımına farklı oranlarda Bi ve Sb ilavesi ile katılaşma hızının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklere etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Metal Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Karabük, 2012.
  • Guohua, W., Yu F., Hongtao, G., Chunquan, Z.Z., Ping Y., “The effect of Ca and rare earth additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D”, Mater Sci Eng A, 408, pp.255–63, 2005.
  • Yu F., Guohua W., Chunquan Zhai., “Influence of cerium on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys”, Mater Sci Eng A, 433, 208–215, 2006.
  • Yu, F., Guohua, W., Hongtao, G., Guanqun, L., Chunquan, Z., “Influence of lanthanum on the microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy”, J Mater Sci, 41, pp.5409–16, 2006.
  • Srinivasan, A., Ningshen, S., Mudali, U.K., Pillai, U.T.S, Pai, B.C., “Influence of Si and Sb additons on the corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Intermetallics, 15, pp.1511–1517, 2007.
  • Fan Y, Wu G., Zhai C., “Effect of strontium on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AZ91”, Materials Science, pp.567-570, 2007.
  • Zhang J., Niua X., Qiua X., Liu K., Nan C., Tang, D., Meng, J., “Effect of yttrium-rich metal on the microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91 alloy”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 471, pp.322–330, 2009.
  • Candan, S., Ünal, M., Türkmen, M., Koç, E., Türen, Y., Candan E., “Improvement of mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesiıum alloy by lead addition”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 501, pp.115–118, 2009.
  • Candan, S., Ünal, M., Koç, E., Türen, Y., Candan, E., „‟Effect of titanium additions on mechanical and corrosion behaviours of AZ91 magnesium alloy‟‟, J. Alloys and Compd., 509, pp.1958–1963, 2011.
  • G. Song, A. Atern, X. Wu, B. Zhang, “Corrosion behavior of AZ21,AZ501, and AZ91 in sodium chloride” Corros Sci., 40, pp.1769–1791, 1998.
  • Song G., Atrens, A., Dargusch, M., “Influence of microstructure on the corrosion of diecast AZ91D”, Corrosion Science, 41, pp.249–273, 1999.
  • Jia, R., Yan, C. ve Wang, F., “Influence of Al content on the atmospheric corrosion behaviour of magnesium-aluminum alloys”, Material Science and Technologies, 25, pp.225–229, 2009.
  • Cheng, Y-L., Qin, T-W., Wang, H-M. ve Zhang Z., “Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc., 19, pp.517–524, 2009.
  • Anık, M., Avcı, P., Tanrıverdi, A., Çelikyürek, Ġ., Baksan, B., Gürler, R., “Effect of the eutectic phase mixture on the anodic behavior of alloy AZ91”, Materials and Design, 27, pp.347355, 2006.
  • Govind, K. S. Nair, M. C. Mittal, K. Lal, R. K. Mahanti, and C. S. Sivaramakrishnan, Development of rapidly solidifed magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 304-306, pp.520-523, 2001.
  • Cizek L., Hanus A., Sozanska M., Tanski T., Pawlica L., “Structure characteristics of magnesium alloys with admixture of aluminium, silicon and zirconium”, Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 13, pp.531–538, 2007.
  • Nave, M.D., Dahle, A.K., D.H. St. John, “Proceedings of the Magnesium Technology”, in: I. Howard Kaplan (Ed.), Tennessee, pp.243–250, 2000.
  • Dahle, A.K., Lee, Y.C., Nave, M.D., Schaffer P.L. St John, D.H., “Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium-aluminium alloys” J. Light Met. 1, pp.61–72, 2001.
  • Zhao, M.C., Liu, M., Song, G., Atrens, A., “Influence of the β-phase morphology on the corrosion of the Mg alloy AZ91” Corros. Sci., 50, pp.1939–1953, 2008.
  • Baker H., Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM Handbook, 3, pp.280–285, 1998.
  • SavaĢkan T., Malzeme Bilgisi ve Muayenesi, 3. Baskı, Trabzon 2004.
  • Kainer, K.U. & Buch, V., F.,The Current State of Technology and Potential for further Development of Magnesium Applications. V. Kainer: Magnesium- Alloys and Technologies. Institut für Werkstofforschung, Translation by Frank Kaiser; Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, pp.1–23, 2003.

Effect of Cooling Rates on Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of AZ91 Magnesium Alloys

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 17 - 28, 02.07.2016

Abstract

In this study, effects of cooling rates on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of AZ91 Mg alloys have been investigated. The cooling rates were enabled on the basis of various solidification velocities of the molten alloys by using four stage step mould. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg alloys were investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness, tensile tests, immersion tests and electrochemical polarization experiments. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated by immersion test in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results from the mechanical tests showed that tensile and yield strengths increased with increasing cooling rates of the alloys. This was attributed to formation of finer grains resulted by faster cooling rates. The results from the immersion tests showed that corrosion resistance of alloy increases progressively with increasing cooling rates. In addition, polarisation tests showed that corrosion current densities (Icorr ) of AZ91 alloy were decreased with increasing cooling rates. Higher corrosion resistant is attributed to reduction in the amount of β (Mg17Al12) phases as well as disruption of its network formation along side with reduced microporsity promoted by faster cooling rates in the microstructure.

References

  • Mordike, B.L. ve Ebert T., “Magnesium: properties application-potential”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A,302, pp.37–45, 2001.
  • Friedrich, H., Schumann, S., “Research for a new age of magnesium in the automotive industry”, J Mater. Process. Technol.,117, pp.276–81, 2001.
  • Pekgüleryüz, M.O., Kaya ,A.A., “Creep resistant magnesium alloys for power train aplications”, Advanced Engineering Materials, DGM, 5, pp.197–221, 2004.
  • Staiger, M. P., Pietak, A. M., Huadmai, J. and Dias, G., “Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review”, Biomaterials, 27, pp.1728–1734, 2006.
  • Witte, F., Kaese, V., Haferkamp, H., Switzer, E., Meyer-Lindenberg A., Wirth, C.J. and Windhagen, H., “In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response”, Biomaterials, 26, pp.3557–3563, 2005.
  • Duygulu, Ö., Kaya, R. A., Oktay, G., Berk C. ve Kaya, A. A., “Magnezyum alaĢımları implant olarak kullanılabilir mi? - In vivo çalıĢma bulguları”, 13. Uluslararası Metalurji ve Malzeme Kongresi, TÜYAP Fuar ve Kongre Merkezi, Ġstanbul, 2006.
  • Blawert, C., Hort, N., Kainer, K.U., “Automotive applications of magnesium and its alloys”, Trans.Indian Inst. Met. vol. 57, pp.397–408, 2004.
  • Gray, J.E., Luan B., “Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys - a critical review”, J. Alloys Compd. 336, pp.88–113, 2002.
  • Kurze P., “Corrosion and Surface Protections”, Magnesium Technology, Springer, pp.431–494, 2006.
  • Yuan, G., Sun, Y., Ding, W., “Effect of bismuth and antimony additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 308, pp.38–44, 2001.
  • Hirai, K., Somekawa, H., Takigawa, Y., Higashi, K., “Effects of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature”, Materials Science and Engineering, A, 403, pp.276–280, 2005.
  • Tanverdi, A., Magnezyum alaşımı AZ91’in korozyon davranışına katılaşma hızı ile Si ve Y katkı elementlerinin etkisi,Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005.
  • Zhao, H.L., Guan, S.K., Zheng, F.Y., “Effects of Sr and B addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Materials Research Society, 22, pp.2423–2428, 2007.
  • Ünal M., Magnezyum alaşımlarının döküm özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2008.
  • Koç E., Alaşım elementlerinin magnezyum döküm özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Metal Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Karabük, 2008.
  • Elen L., AZ91 magnezyum alaşımına farklı oranlarda Bi ve Sb ilavesi ile katılaşma hızının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklere etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, K.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Metal Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Karabük, 2012.
  • Guohua, W., Yu F., Hongtao, G., Chunquan, Z.Z., Ping Y., “The effect of Ca and rare earth additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D”, Mater Sci Eng A, 408, pp.255–63, 2005.
  • Yu F., Guohua W., Chunquan Zhai., “Influence of cerium on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys”, Mater Sci Eng A, 433, 208–215, 2006.
  • Yu, F., Guohua, W., Hongtao, G., Guanqun, L., Chunquan, Z., “Influence of lanthanum on the microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy”, J Mater Sci, 41, pp.5409–16, 2006.
  • Srinivasan, A., Ningshen, S., Mudali, U.K., Pillai, U.T.S, Pai, B.C., “Influence of Si and Sb additons on the corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy”, Intermetallics, 15, pp.1511–1517, 2007.
  • Fan Y, Wu G., Zhai C., “Effect of strontium on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AZ91”, Materials Science, pp.567-570, 2007.
  • Zhang J., Niua X., Qiua X., Liu K., Nan C., Tang, D., Meng, J., “Effect of yttrium-rich metal on the microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of die cast AZ91 alloy”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 471, pp.322–330, 2009.
  • Candan, S., Ünal, M., Türkmen, M., Koç, E., Türen, Y., Candan E., “Improvement of mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesiıum alloy by lead addition”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 501, pp.115–118, 2009.
  • Candan, S., Ünal, M., Koç, E., Türen, Y., Candan, E., „‟Effect of titanium additions on mechanical and corrosion behaviours of AZ91 magnesium alloy‟‟, J. Alloys and Compd., 509, pp.1958–1963, 2011.
  • G. Song, A. Atern, X. Wu, B. Zhang, “Corrosion behavior of AZ21,AZ501, and AZ91 in sodium chloride” Corros Sci., 40, pp.1769–1791, 1998.
  • Song G., Atrens, A., Dargusch, M., “Influence of microstructure on the corrosion of diecast AZ91D”, Corrosion Science, 41, pp.249–273, 1999.
  • Jia, R., Yan, C. ve Wang, F., “Influence of Al content on the atmospheric corrosion behaviour of magnesium-aluminum alloys”, Material Science and Technologies, 25, pp.225–229, 2009.
  • Cheng, Y-L., Qin, T-W., Wang, H-M. ve Zhang Z., “Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc., 19, pp.517–524, 2009.
  • Anık, M., Avcı, P., Tanrıverdi, A., Çelikyürek, Ġ., Baksan, B., Gürler, R., “Effect of the eutectic phase mixture on the anodic behavior of alloy AZ91”, Materials and Design, 27, pp.347355, 2006.
  • Govind, K. S. Nair, M. C. Mittal, K. Lal, R. K. Mahanti, and C. S. Sivaramakrishnan, Development of rapidly solidifed magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 304-306, pp.520-523, 2001.
  • Cizek L., Hanus A., Sozanska M., Tanski T., Pawlica L., “Structure characteristics of magnesium alloys with admixture of aluminium, silicon and zirconium”, Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 13, pp.531–538, 2007.
  • Nave, M.D., Dahle, A.K., D.H. St. John, “Proceedings of the Magnesium Technology”, in: I. Howard Kaplan (Ed.), Tennessee, pp.243–250, 2000.
  • Dahle, A.K., Lee, Y.C., Nave, M.D., Schaffer P.L. St John, D.H., “Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium-aluminium alloys” J. Light Met. 1, pp.61–72, 2001.
  • Zhao, M.C., Liu, M., Song, G., Atrens, A., “Influence of the β-phase morphology on the corrosion of the Mg alloy AZ91” Corros. Sci., 50, pp.1939–1953, 2008.
  • Baker H., Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM Handbook, 3, pp.280–285, 1998.
  • SavaĢkan T., Malzeme Bilgisi ve Muayenesi, 3. Baskı, Trabzon 2004.
  • Kainer, K.U. & Buch, V., F.,The Current State of Technology and Potential for further Development of Magnesium Applications. V. Kainer: Magnesium- Alloys and Technologies. Institut für Werkstofforschung, Translation by Frank Kaiser; Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, pp.1–23, 2003.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA49AT77RF
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şennur Candan This is me

Muhammet Çelik This is me

Ercan Candan This is me

Publication Date July 2, 2016
Submission Date July 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Candan, Ş., Çelik, M., & Candan, E. (2016). AZ91 Magnezyum Alaşımında Soğuma Hızlarının Mekanik ve Korozyon Özelliklerine Etkisi. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 17-28.