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Bell Hooks’un “Ain’t I A Woman: Black Women And Feminism” Kitabının Üçlü Baskı Teorisi Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2021, , 203 - 209, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.940584

Abstract

Üçlü baskı teorisi kavramı ilk olarak Louise Thompson Patterson tarafından siyahi kadınların yaşadığı çok katmanlı baskıyı gözler önüne sermek için ortaya atıldı. Daha sonra bu kavram siyahi kadınların ırk, cinsiyet ve sınıf temelinde üç çeşit baskıyla eş zamanlı olarak mücadele ettikleri düşüncesiyle Claudia Jones’un da aralarında bulunduğu bazı siyahi sosyalistler tarafından geliştirildi. Bu teori, bu üç baskı unsuru arasında bir ilişki olduğunun ve bu baskılarla eşzamanlı mücadele edilmesi gerektiğinin altını çizmektedir. Bu doğrultudan hareketle üçlü baskı teorisi ve Bell Hooks’un monografisini temel alan bu makale; ırkçılık, kapitalizm ve ataerkillik olarak adlandırılan üç kötücül düşüncenin, kendilerinden olmayanı baskı ve buyruğu altına alıp sömürgeleştirmek için birbirleriyle nasıl iş birliği yaptığını vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale aynı zamanda, baskı ve buyruğu altına alma, sömürgeleştirme ve boyun eğdirme içgüdüsünün, bir başka deyişle yayılmacılık ve kontrol altına alma arzusunun insanın doğasında en başından beri var olan ilkel bir arketip olduğunu kabul etmektedir. Tüm kötücül ve yıkıcı felaketler ve sorunların, gücü ele geçirme isteğinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığını vurgulamayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, içgüdüsel ilkel imparatorluk arzusundan (başkalarının politik, ekonomik ve kültürel değerlerini kontrol etme arzusu) kaynaklanan yıkımı ve kötü sonuçları mümkün mertebe azaltmak için gücü yaymak ve dağıtmak gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Post modern bakış açısını savunanların söylediği gibi; ‘eğer güç her yerdeyse o halde güç hiçbir yerdedir’

References

  • Balan, Sergiu. (2010). M. Foucault’s View on Power Relations. Cogito. Multidisciplinary Research Journal. II. 55-61.
  • Brezina, Corona. (2004). Great Historic Debate and Speeches / Sojourner Truth’s Ain’t I a Woman Speech Rosen Publishing Group.
  • Cooke, Claire. (2012) Violently Silenced? The Role of Violence in bell hooks’ Development as a Writer. Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, Volume 18.1 (2012). University of West Australia.
  • Egan, M. (2018) Intersectionality and Feminism. Politics Review Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.8-10.
  • Foucault, M. (1980), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977, Ed. Colin Gordon. New York, Pantheon Books.
  • Hamilton, T., & Sharma, S. (1996). Power, Power Relations, and Oppression: a perspective for balancing the power relations. Peace Research, 28(1), 21-41. Retrieved May 10, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23607296
  • Hogan, Linda. (2016). From Women's Experience to Feminist Theology. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Hooks, B. (2000). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. London: Pluto Press. Second Edition.
  • Hooks, B. (2000) Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics, Cambridge: South End Press.
  • Hooks, B. (1981). Ain't I a woman : Black women and feminism. Boston, South End Pres.
  • Lynn, D. (2014). Socialist Feminism and Triple Oppression: Claudia Jones and African American Women in American Communism. Journal for the Study of Radicalism, 8(2), 1-20. doi:10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0001
  • Martinez, Elizabeth. (2003). “La Chicana” in Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives. Edited by Carole R. Mccann and Seung-Kyung Kim. New York: Routledge, pp. 41-45.
  • McDuffie, Eric S. (2011). Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Perkins, L. M. (1983). Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 145-146.
  • Smith, Jessie Carney. (1996). Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale Research.
  • Torres, Rodolfo D. Etall. (1999). Race, Identity and Citizenship: A Reader. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

Reading Bell Hooks’s “Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism” through the lens of Triple Oppression Theory

Year 2021, , 203 - 209, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.940584

Abstract

The concept of triple oppression theory was first coined by Louise Thompson Patterson to introduce the stratified oppression of black women. Later the concept was developed by some black socialists one of whom was Claudia Jones who popularized it with the assertion that black women synchronously encounter three kinds of oppression based on race, gender, and class. As the theory underlines that there is a relation among these three types of oppression, it considers it necessary that all three types need to be overcome at once. Considering the triple oppression theory (also referred as double jeopardy, Jane Crow, or triple exploitation) and Bell Hooks’s monograph, this article aims to underline how the three malign thoughts, namely racism, capitalism, and patriarchy cooperate with each other to subjugate, colonize, oppress, and exploit their others. It concludes that the incentive of oppression, subjugation, colonization, and exploitation, which is likely to be named as ‘the imperial desire’ is a primordial archetype in human nature. It is a matter of the greed for the power. Hence, it is likely to assert that all the malicious and catastrophic praxes are the resultant of the pursuit for power. Accordingly, to minimize the destruction and malicious resultants stemmed from that instinctive primordial imperial desire, (desire for controlling political, economic, cultural assets of the others), it is essential to disperse and diffuse the power. As postmodern scholars put it: ‘if power is everywhere, then it is nowhere”.

References

  • Balan, Sergiu. (2010). M. Foucault’s View on Power Relations. Cogito. Multidisciplinary Research Journal. II. 55-61.
  • Brezina, Corona. (2004). Great Historic Debate and Speeches / Sojourner Truth’s Ain’t I a Woman Speech Rosen Publishing Group.
  • Cooke, Claire. (2012) Violently Silenced? The Role of Violence in bell hooks’ Development as a Writer. Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, Volume 18.1 (2012). University of West Australia.
  • Egan, M. (2018) Intersectionality and Feminism. Politics Review Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.8-10.
  • Foucault, M. (1980), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977, Ed. Colin Gordon. New York, Pantheon Books.
  • Hamilton, T., & Sharma, S. (1996). Power, Power Relations, and Oppression: a perspective for balancing the power relations. Peace Research, 28(1), 21-41. Retrieved May 10, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23607296
  • Hogan, Linda. (2016). From Women's Experience to Feminist Theology. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Hooks, B. (2000). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. London: Pluto Press. Second Edition.
  • Hooks, B. (2000) Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics, Cambridge: South End Press.
  • Hooks, B. (1981). Ain't I a woman : Black women and feminism. Boston, South End Pres.
  • Lynn, D. (2014). Socialist Feminism and Triple Oppression: Claudia Jones and African American Women in American Communism. Journal for the Study of Radicalism, 8(2), 1-20. doi:10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0001
  • Martinez, Elizabeth. (2003). “La Chicana” in Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives. Edited by Carole R. Mccann and Seung-Kyung Kim. New York: Routledge, pp. 41-45.
  • McDuffie, Eric S. (2011). Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Perkins, L. M. (1983). Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 145-146.
  • Smith, Jessie Carney. (1996). Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale Research.
  • Torres, Rodolfo D. Etall. (1999). Race, Identity and Citizenship: A Reader. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Recep Taş

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date May 21, 2021
Acceptance Date August 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Taş, M. R. (2021). Reading Bell Hooks’s “Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism” through the lens of Triple Oppression Theory. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.940584