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An Action Research to Alleviate Speaking Anxiety of Prospective EFL Teachers

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 751 - 768, 31.07.2024

Abstract

This present study was driven by the need to help the first-grade English language teacher candidates control high foreign language speaking anxiety. A 14-week action plan was designed to alleviate negative feelings the teacher candidates experienced during the course of “Oral Communication Skills-I” and improve their speaking performance. In order to identify the learners’ problems and their development before and after action, multiple sources of data were collected by means of quantitative and qualitative measures. Regarding the results, the participants reported positive effect of the action on their speaking skill, interpersonal skills and self-confidence. Also, a slight decline in their speaking anxiety was revealed. On the other hand, a decline in their speaking performance was observed. Thus, the action was useful in supporting social and psychological factors that influence improvement of speaking skill in a positive way. Last, the results gave evidence on the need for similar actions that allow teacher candidates to use English for communicative purposes.

References

  • Aatif, M. (2022). The impact of anxiety in learning English as a foreign language. International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research (IJAPR), 6(2), 67-71.
  • Abrar, M., Fajaryani, F., & Masbirorotni, N. (2016). EFL student teachers’ speaking anxiety: The case in one English teacher education program. Indonesian Journal of English Education (IJEE), 3(1), 60-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i1.3619
  • Akkara, S., Anumula, V., & Mallampalli, M. (2020). Impact of WhatsApp interaction on improving L2 speaking skills. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(3), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i03.11534
  • Alpert, R., & Haber, R. N. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045464
  • Bawanti, P., & Arifani, Y. (2021). The students' perceptions of using zoom application on mobile phone in improving speaking skills during online learning at Ban Loeiwangsai School, Loei Province, Thailand. Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 54-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jetlal.v5i1.2212
  • Bohari, L. (2020). Improving speaking skills through small group discussion at eleventh grade students of SMA Plus Munirul Arifin NW Praya. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 7(1), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v7i1.1441
  • Bozok, D. (2018). Investigating speaking anxiety of university EFL students: The case of instructors and students. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
  • Casado, M. A., & Dereshiwsky, M. I. (2001). Foreign language anxiety of university students. College Student Journal, 35(4), 539-552.
  • Corey, S. M. (1954). Action research in education. The Journal of Educational Research, 47(5), 375-380.
  • Cotton, D., Falvey, D., Kent, S., Lebeau I., & Rees, G. (2010). Language Leader Coursebook: Advanced. Pearson Education.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Çağatay, S. (2015). Examining EFL students’ foreign language speaking anxiety: The case at a Turkish state university. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 648-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.594
  • Dağtan, E., & Cabaroğlu, N. (2021). Status of English speaking skills in Turkish ELT departments: A nationwide survey. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 359-382. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911454
  • Daud, A., Ras, F., Novitri, N., & Audia, C. P. (2019). Factors contributing to speaking anxiety: A case study of pre-service English teachers. Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(3), 412-422. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.3.3.
  • Demirdaş, Ö., & Bozdoğan, D. (2013). Foreign language anxiety and performance of language learners in preparatory classes. Turkish Journal of Education (TURJE), 2(3), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181060
  • Effiong, O. (2016). Getting them speaking: Classroom social factors and foreign language anxiety. TESOL Journal, 7(1), 132-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.194.
  • Eğinli, İ., & Solhi, M. (2020). Perceived social self-efficacy and foreign language anxiety among undergraduate English teacher candidates: The case of Turkey. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 14(1), 13-24.
  • Hammad, E. A., & Ghali, E. M. A. (2015). Speaking anxiety level of Gaza EFL pre-service teachers: Reasons and sources. World Journal of English Language, 5(3), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v5n3p52
  • Hanifa, R. (2018). Factors generating anxiety when learning EFL speaking skills. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(2), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i2.10932
  • Hismanoğlu, M. (2013). Foreign language anxiety of English language teacher candidates: A sample from Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 930-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.306
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/327317.
  • Kemmis, S. (2021). Improving education through action research. In O. Zuber-Skerritt (Ed.), Action research for change and development (pp. 57-75). Routledge.
  • Kenoh, A. R. I. (2021). A qualitative study on speaking anxiety among pre-service teachers. Journal of Learning and Development Studies, 1(1), 34-39. A qualitative study on speaking anxiety among pre-service teachers. https://doi.org/10.32996/jlds.2021.1.1.5
  • Lestari, N. (2019). Improving the speaking skill by vlog (video blog) as learning media: The EFL students perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(1), 915-925. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i1/5490
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39(2), 251–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1989.TB00423.X
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00691.x.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x.
  • Nursafira, M. S. (2020). TED talks in EFL context: An alternative way for teaching and improving student’s speaking skills. Elsya:Journal of English Language Studies, 2(2), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v2i2.3968
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Factors associated with foreign language anxiety. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20(2), 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716499002039
  • Özalp, Ö. S., & Merç, A. (2022). The relationship between speaking anxiety and willingness to communicate among pre-service EFL teachers. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 6(3), 294-311. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.1082682
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1-17.
  • Saltan, F. (2003). EFL speaking anxiety: How do students and teachers perceive it?.(Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University.
  • Sparks, R. L., & Ganschow, L. (2007). Is the foreign language classroom anxiety scale measuring anxiety of language skills?. Foreign Language Annals, 40(2), 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb03201.x
  • Syakur, A., Sugirin, S., Margana, M., Junining, E., & Sabat, Y. (2020). Improving English language speaking skills using “Absyak” on-line learning model for second semester in higher education. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BIRLE) Journal, 3(2), 684-694. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i2.897 Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Thompson, A. S., & Lee, J. (2013). Anxiety and EFL: Does multilingualism matter?, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(6), 730-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2012.713322
  • Toyama, M., & Yamazaki, Y. (2021). Classroom interventions and foreign language anxiety: A systematic review with narrative approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614184
  • Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal. 37(3), 308-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688206071315

İngilizce Öğretmeni Adaylarının Konuşma Kaygılarını Azaltmak İçin Tasarlanmış Bir Eylem Araştırması

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 751 - 768, 31.07.2024

Abstract

References

  • Aatif, M. (2022). The impact of anxiety in learning English as a foreign language. International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research (IJAPR), 6(2), 67-71.
  • Abrar, M., Fajaryani, F., & Masbirorotni, N. (2016). EFL student teachers’ speaking anxiety: The case in one English teacher education program. Indonesian Journal of English Education (IJEE), 3(1), 60-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v3i1.3619
  • Akkara, S., Anumula, V., & Mallampalli, M. (2020). Impact of WhatsApp interaction on improving L2 speaking skills. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(3), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i03.11534
  • Alpert, R., & Haber, R. N. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045464
  • Bawanti, P., & Arifani, Y. (2021). The students' perceptions of using zoom application on mobile phone in improving speaking skills during online learning at Ban Loeiwangsai School, Loei Province, Thailand. Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 54-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jetlal.v5i1.2212
  • Bohari, L. (2020). Improving speaking skills through small group discussion at eleventh grade students of SMA Plus Munirul Arifin NW Praya. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 7(1), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v7i1.1441
  • Bozok, D. (2018). Investigating speaking anxiety of university EFL students: The case of instructors and students. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
  • Casado, M. A., & Dereshiwsky, M. I. (2001). Foreign language anxiety of university students. College Student Journal, 35(4), 539-552.
  • Corey, S. M. (1954). Action research in education. The Journal of Educational Research, 47(5), 375-380.
  • Cotton, D., Falvey, D., Kent, S., Lebeau I., & Rees, G. (2010). Language Leader Coursebook: Advanced. Pearson Education.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Çağatay, S. (2015). Examining EFL students’ foreign language speaking anxiety: The case at a Turkish state university. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 648-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.594
  • Dağtan, E., & Cabaroğlu, N. (2021). Status of English speaking skills in Turkish ELT departments: A nationwide survey. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 359-382. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911454
  • Daud, A., Ras, F., Novitri, N., & Audia, C. P. (2019). Factors contributing to speaking anxiety: A case study of pre-service English teachers. Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(3), 412-422. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.3.3.
  • Demirdaş, Ö., & Bozdoğan, D. (2013). Foreign language anxiety and performance of language learners in preparatory classes. Turkish Journal of Education (TURJE), 2(3), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.181060
  • Effiong, O. (2016). Getting them speaking: Classroom social factors and foreign language anxiety. TESOL Journal, 7(1), 132-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.194.
  • Eğinli, İ., & Solhi, M. (2020). Perceived social self-efficacy and foreign language anxiety among undergraduate English teacher candidates: The case of Turkey. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 14(1), 13-24.
  • Hammad, E. A., & Ghali, E. M. A. (2015). Speaking anxiety level of Gaza EFL pre-service teachers: Reasons and sources. World Journal of English Language, 5(3), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v5n3p52
  • Hanifa, R. (2018). Factors generating anxiety when learning EFL speaking skills. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(2), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i2.10932
  • Hismanoğlu, M. (2013). Foreign language anxiety of English language teacher candidates: A sample from Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 930-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.306
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/327317.
  • Kemmis, S. (2021). Improving education through action research. In O. Zuber-Skerritt (Ed.), Action research for change and development (pp. 57-75). Routledge.
  • Kenoh, A. R. I. (2021). A qualitative study on speaking anxiety among pre-service teachers. Journal of Learning and Development Studies, 1(1), 34-39. A qualitative study on speaking anxiety among pre-service teachers. https://doi.org/10.32996/jlds.2021.1.1.5
  • Lestari, N. (2019). Improving the speaking skill by vlog (video blog) as learning media: The EFL students perspective. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(1), 915-925. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i1/5490
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39(2), 251–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1989.TB00423.X
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Language anxiety: Its relationship to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41(4), 513-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00691.x.
  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x.
  • Nursafira, M. S. (2020). TED talks in EFL context: An alternative way for teaching and improving student’s speaking skills. Elsya:Journal of English Language Studies, 2(2), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v2i2.3968
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C. E. (1999). Factors associated with foreign language anxiety. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20(2), 217-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716499002039
  • Özalp, Ö. S., & Merç, A. (2022). The relationship between speaking anxiety and willingness to communicate among pre-service EFL teachers. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 6(3), 294-311. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.1082682
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1-17.
  • Saltan, F. (2003). EFL speaking anxiety: How do students and teachers perceive it?.(Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University.
  • Sparks, R. L., & Ganschow, L. (2007). Is the foreign language classroom anxiety scale measuring anxiety of language skills?. Foreign Language Annals, 40(2), 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb03201.x
  • Syakur, A., Sugirin, S., Margana, M., Junining, E., & Sabat, Y. (2020). Improving English language speaking skills using “Absyak” on-line learning model for second semester in higher education. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BIRLE) Journal, 3(2), 684-694. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i2.897 Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Thompson, A. S., & Lee, J. (2013). Anxiety and EFL: Does multilingualism matter?, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(6), 730-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2012.713322
  • Toyama, M., & Yamazaki, Y. (2021). Classroom interventions and foreign language anxiety: A systematic review with narrative approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614184
  • Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal. 37(3), 308-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688206071315
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Derya Uysal 0000-0001-5393-5211

Sevgi Gökçe 0000-0003-0727-4429

Early Pub Date July 24, 2024
Publication Date July 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uysal, D., & Gökçe, S. (2024). An Action Research to Alleviate Speaking Anxiety of Prospective EFL Teachers. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 13(3), 751-768.

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