CHEMICAL STAINING METHODS USED IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONATE MINERALS

Year 1965, Volume: 65 Issue: 65, 122 - 135, 01.06.1965

Tamer Ayan

Abstract

Carbonate minerals are the major constituents of sedimentary rocks; however, they are also found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, either as primary or as secondary minerals. In carbonate rocks formed either by chemical or mechanical deposition, these minerals constitute the main rock-forming components. Sometimes they are also found in great abundance in pelitic, psammitic and psephitic rocks. According to their crystallographic characteristics, carbonate minerals may be subdivided into two main groups :
1) Calcite group : Hexagonal-rhombohedral system.
2) Aragonite group : Orthorhombic system «pseudohexagonal».
Of the calcite group of minerals, calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite [CaMg (CO3)2] are the two minerals which are dominantly found in sediments. Depending on its purity, or iron and magnesium content, calcite may be found in states of pure calcite, ferro-calcite, or slightly to abundantly magnesian calcite. Similarly, according to the iron content percentage, dolomite may also be regarded as having been composed of two end members, pure dolomite and ferrous dolomite, in varying proportions. The other calcite group minerals are ankerite «ferroferric dolomite» [CaFe(CO3)2], magnesite (MgCO3), siderite (FeCO3), smithsonite (ZnCO3), rhodochrosite (MnCO3) and spherocobaltite (CoC03). 

Keywords

CHEMICAL STAINING, METHODS USED IN THE IDENTIFICATION, CARBONATE MINERALS

KARBONATLARIN TANINMASINDA KULLANILAN KİMYASAL BOYAMA METODLARI

Abstract

Karbonat mineralleri tortul kayaçlann önemli bir bileşenidir, magmatik ve metamorfik kayaçlar içinde, ilkel veya sonradan gelme olarak, yer alırlar. Kimyasal veya mekanik çökelme sonucunda türemiş karbonatik kayaçlarda asıl «kayaç yapıcı» bileşen niteliğinde oldukları gibi, pelit-psamit-psefit serisinde de, bazan bol miktarda, mevcutturlar. Karbonat mineralleri kristalografik özelliklerine göre iki ana grup altında toplanabilir :
1) Kalsit grupu mineralleri : Heksagonal-rombohedral sistem.
2) Aragonit grupu mineralleri: Ortorombik sistem «psödoheksagonal».
Kalsit grupu minerallerinden, tortullar içinde diğerlerinden fazla bulunan ilk ikisi kalsit (CaCO3) ve dolomit [CaMg(CO3)2] tir. Kalsit, saflığına veya kapsadığı «ferro» demir ve manyezyum miktarına göre; saf kalsit, ferrokalsit, az veya çok manyezyumlu kalsit şeklinde bulunabilir. Buna göre, dolomiti de bileşiminde bulunan ferro yüzdesine göre, saf dolomit ile ferro-dolomit kutupları arasında düşünmek yerinde olur. Diğer kalsit grupu mineralleri olarak, ankerit «ferroferrik dolomit» [CaFe(CO3)2], Manyezit (MgCO3), siderit (FeCO,), smitsonit (ZnCOg), rodokrosit (MnCO3) ve sferokobaltit (CoCO3) gösterilebilir.

Keywords

KARBONATLAR, TANINMASI, KİMYASAL BOYAMA METODLARI

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