The Control of The Forced-Regression, Transgression and Sediment Supply on The Sedimantological and Sequence Stratigraphical Developmentof The Basin Margin Depositional Systems; Ermenek Basin, Middle Taurides

Yıl 2004, Cilt: 128 Sayı: 128, 48 - 48, 01.09.2004

Ayhan Ilgar

Öz

The Ermenek basin located on the Bozkır and Aladağ nappes in the central Taurides, is filled with
Early Miocene lacustrine elastics (Yenimahalle fm.) and Middle Miocene reefal shelf carbonates. This study
concentrates on the facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic framework of clastic basin fill sediments on
southern margin of the Ermenek basin. Sedriments deposited in alluvial fan, Gilbert-type delta, beach and
shoreface environments are transitional laterally and vertically in the succession. These depositional systems are
repeated in the vertical section. The control of the lake-level changes in relation with tectonics, climate and
sediment supply are also considered besides sedimentary processes on the sedimentological and sequence
stratigraphic development of the basin margin depositional systems. Sequence along fault-bounded southern
margin of the basin consists of stream-dominated alluvial fan and delta plain deposits, mass-flow dominateddelta
foreset deposits and high energy beach and shoreface deposits. Retrogradational or progradational
stacking patterns of these facies associations indicate high frequency lake-level changes. Four unconformitybounded
sequences represented by forced regressive erosional surfaces have been identified within the
Yenimahalle formation. Lowstand systems tracts of alluvial fan deposits overlie the sequence boundaries.
Retrogradational stacking pattern of Gilbert-type delta, shoreface and beach deposits onlapping alluvial fan
surface constitute transgressive systems tracts of 1. 2. and 3. sequences. Progradational Gilbert-type delta of
sequence 4 represents hiahstand systems tract over lowstand systems tract. The sequences show
paleogeographic changes that developed with lake-level changes during depositional evolution. The development
of the facies, systems tract and seauences were controlled by tectonism, climate and sediment supply besides
sedimentary processes. Tectonism resulted in the change of accommodation space (increasing or decreasing) by
controlling basin subsidence or rise. The amount of water and sediment supply into basin was controlled by
climate whereas the distribution and lateral variation of facies within the sequence is attributed to sediment supply
and the source area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ermenek, located, Aladağ

ZORUNLU REGRESYON, TRANSGRESYON VE SEDİMAN GETİRİMİNİN, HAVZA KENARI ÇÖKELME SİSTEMLERİNİN SEDİMANTOLOJİK VE İSTİF STRATİGRAFİK GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ KONTROLÜ, ERMENEK HAVZASI (ORTA TOROSLAR)

Öz

Orta Toroslarda, Bozkır ve Aladağ naplarının üzerinde yer alan Ermenek Havzası, Erken Miyosen yaşlı gölsel kırıntılı kayaçlar (Yenimahalle formasyonu) ile Orta Miyosen yaşlı resifal şelf karbonatlarından (Mut formasyonu) kuruludur. Bu çalışma, Ermenek havzasının güney kenarındaki kırıntılı istifinin fasiyes analizi ve istif stratigrafik incelenmesini konu almaktadır. İstifi oluşturan alüvyon yelpazesi, Gilbert-tipi delta, plaj ve kıyı yüzü çökelleri yanal ve düşey yönde birbirleriyle geçişlidirler. Bu çökelme sistemleri düşey istif içinde pek çok kez tekrarlanırlar. Sedimanter süreçlerin yanı sıra, tektonik ve iklime bağlı göl düzeyi değişimi ile havzaya gelen sediman miktarının, havza kenarı çökelme sistemlerinin sedimantolojik ve istif stratigrafik gelişimi üzerindeki kontrolü bu çalışma ile irdelenmiştir. Fayla sınırlı olan havza güney kenarı istifi akarsu etkin alüvyon yelpazesi ve delta düzlüğü çökellerinden, kütle akması süreçlerinin hakim olduğu delta ön takım çökellerinden ve yüksek enerjili plaj ve kıyı yüzü çökellerinden oluşur. Gerileyen ya da ilerleyen istiflenme şekli oluşturan bu fasiyes birlikleri yüksek sıklıkta göl
düzeyi değişimlerini yansıtırlar. Yenimahalle formasyonu içinde zorunlu regresyonu yansıtan erozyonal uyumsuzluk yüzeyleri ile sınırlanan dört adet istif tanımlanmıştır. Düşük su düzeyi sistem birimi, istif sınırları üzerinde yer alan alüvyon yelpazesi çökellerinden oluşur. Alüvyon yelpazesi üzerinde aşmalı olarak yer alan ve gerileyen istiflenme şekli oluşturan Gilbert-tipi delta, kıyı yüzü ve plaj çökelleri 1. 2. ve 3. istifin transgresif sistem birimlerini oluşturur. 4.istif ise, düşük su düzeyi sistem biriminin üzerinde, yüksek su düzeyi sistem biriminin ilerleyen Gilberttipi delta çökelleri ile tanımlanır. İstifler, çökelme evrimi boyunca göl düzeyi değişimlerine bağlı olarak gelişen paleocoğrafik değişimleri yansıtmaktadır. Fasiyes, sistem birimi ve istiflerin gelişimi, sedimanter süreçlerin yanı sıra tektonik, iklim ve havzaya taşınan sediman miktarı tarafından kontrol edilmiştir. Tektonik, havza içindeki çökme ya da yükselmeyi kontrol ederek su seviyesi ve çökelme alanı hacminin değişimine; artmasına ya da azalmasına neden olmuştur. Havzadaki su miktarı ve havzaya taşınan sediman miktarı iklim denetiminde gerçekleşmiştir, istif içindeki fasiyeslerin dağılımı ve yanal değişimi ise sediman miktarı ve beslenme alanı tarafından kontrol edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alüvyon yelpazesi, Gilbert-tipi delta, kıyı yüzü, plaj, altistif, iklim

Kaynakça

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