Vücut Sıcaklığında Kanı Taklit Eden Sıvı Olarak Ksantan Sakızı Çözeltisinin Deneysel ve Model Tabanlı Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Biyomedikal mühendisliğinde, insan kanının termofiziksel özelliklerini doğru bir şekilde taklit eden güvenilir kan benzeri sıvılar, özellikle ısı transfer mekanizmalarını içeren in vitro akış deneyleri ve Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği simülasyonları için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışma, klinik olarak ilgili 15°C ila 40°C aralığında, Newton olmayan seyreltik ksantan zamkı sulu çözeltilerinin (ağırlıkça %0,06 ve %0,12) sıcaklığa bağlı viskozitesini ve yoğunluğunu deneysel olarak karakterize etmektedir. Ölçümler, Rudolph Research Analytical yoğunluk ölçer kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler, viskozite için fizyolojik referans tabanlı üstel bozunma fonksiyonu ve yoğunluk için Boussinesq tabanlı doğrusal durum denklemi kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Bulgular, %0,12 (a/a) çözeltinin sağlıklı yetişkin insan kan reolojisine yüksek uyum gösterdiğini ve 37°C fizyolojik sıcaklıkta 3,78 mPa·s dinamik viskozite verdiğini ortaya koydu. 37°C'de sabitlenen önerilen viskozite modeli, referans noktasında %0 hata ile çalıştı, ancak histerezis nedeniyle alt termal sınırda %19,15'e varan sapmalar gözlemlendi. Termodinamik analiz, 18,76 kJ mol⁻¹'lik bir akış aktivasyon enerjisi gösterdi ve bu da kararlı, plazma benzeri akış özelliklerini yansıtıyordu. Önemli olarak, %0,12'lik çözelti için hesaplanan Prandtl sayıları 24,43 ile 45,64 arasında değişmekte olup, insan kanı değerleriyle büyük ölçüde uyumludur. Bu, momentum transferinin termal difüzyona göre daha baskın olduğunu doğrulamakta ve önerilen formülasyon ile doğrulanmış modellerin konveksiyon sınırlı hemodinamik uygulamalar ve hassas termo-reolojik kuplaj için sağlam bir platform sağladığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kan benzeri sıvılar
• Ksantan zamkı
• Termoreolojik karakterizasyon
• Hemodinamik simülasyon

Experimental and Model-Based Characterization of a Xanthan Gum Solution as a Blood-Mimicking Fluid at Body Temperature

Abstract

In biomedical engineering, reliable blood-mimicking fluids that accurately replicate the thermophysical properties of human blood are essential for in vitro flow experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, particularly those involving heat transfer mechanisms. This study experimentally characterizes the temperature-dependent viscosity and density of non-Newtonian dilute Xanthan gum aqueous solutions (0.06% and 0.12% w/w) across a clinically relevant range of 15°C to 40°C. Measurements were performed using a Rudolph Research Analytical density meter, and the data were modeled using a physiological reference-based exponential decay function for viscosity and a Boussinesq-based linear equation of state for density. The findings revealed that the 0.12% (w/w) solution exhibited high conformity to healthy adult human blood rheology, yielding a dynamic viscosity of 3.78 mPa·s at the physiological temperature of 37°C. The proposed viscosity model, anchored at 37°C, operated with 0% error at the reference point, although deviations up to 19.15% were observed at the lower thermal boundary due to hysteresis. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a flow activation energy of 18.76 kJ mol⁻¹, reflecting stable, plasma-like flow characteristics. Crucially, the calculated Prandtl numbers for the 0.12% solution ranged from 24.43 to 45.64, closely aligning with human blood values. This confirms that momentum transfer dominates over thermal diffusion, demonstrating that the proposed formulation and validated models provide a robust platform for convection-limited hemodynamic applications and precise thermo-rheological coupling.

Keywords

• Blood-mimicking fluids
• Xanthan gum
• Thermo-rheological characterization
• Hemodynamic simulation

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