Determination of the Resistance of Midyat Building Stones to Salt Crystallization

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1/2, 1 - 8, 27.06.2018

Murat Ünal

Öz

Salt weathering is a process of
rock disintegration that takes place in a variety of environments and affects
many kinds of rocks. Weathering due to salt crystallization
is particularly effective on porous rocks. It also has important effects on
rocks containing cracks and micro fractures. In this study, the resistance
against salt crystallization of six different Midyat stones used as building
stones, obtained from different locations were determined by using dry weight
loss test. The tests were carried out in accordance with the
natural environment by simulating the laboratory environment. The obtained data show that Midyat stone is
affected by salt (Na₂SO₄) crystallization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salt crystallization, Building stones, Midyat stones

Kaynakça

• Ahmad A, Simon S. & Middendorf B. (2012). Stone properties and damage induced by salt crystallisation in some jordanian Stones, 12th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone Columbia University, New York.Adin, H. (2007). Mardin ve Midyat’ta Kullanılan Bina Yapı Taşlarının Bazı Fiziksel Özellikleri, Mühendis ve Makina, 48(570), 13-17.
• Beavis F.C. (1985). Engineering Geology. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
• Benavente, D., Garcia Del Cura, M.A., Bernabeu, A.& Ordonez, S. (2001). Quantification of Salt Weathering in Porous Stones Using an Experimental Continuous Partial Immersion Method. Holanda. (Amsterdam): Engineering Geology. 59, 313-325.
• Benavente, D.; García-Del Cura, M.A. & Ordonez, S. (2003). Salt Influence on Evaporation From Porous Rocks , Construction and Building Materials , Vol. 17, Pp. 113-122.
• Benavente, D., Cueto, N., Martinez-Martinez, J., Cura, M. A. G. & Canaveras, J. C. (2007). The influence of petrophysical properties on the salt weathering of porous building rocks. Environmental Geology, 52, 197-206.
• Doornkamp, J.C., & H.A.M. Ibrahim, (1990). Salt weathering progress in. Physical Geography, V. 14, N. 3, P. 335-348.
• Fookes P.G., Dearman W.R. & Franklın J.A. (1971). Some engineering aspects of rocks weathering. Quar. J. Eng. Geology. 4. Pp 139 – 185.
• Goudie, A. S. (1977). `Sodium sulfate weathering and the disintegration of Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan', Earth Surface Processes, 2, 75-86.
• Goudie, A. S. (1993). `Salt weathering simulation using a single-immersion technique', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18, 369-373.
• Goudie, A. S. and Viles, H. 1997. Salt Weathering Hazards, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 241 pp.
• Goudie, A. S. (1999). Experimental salt weathering of limestones in relation to rock properties. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 1-10.
• ISRM, (1981). Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring, Suggesting Methods, Oxford
• Işık, M.S., Aslan, S. & Aslan, L. (2015). Midyat kireçtaşlarının Fiziko-mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi, (Yayınlanmamış bitirme Tezi). Danışman: M.Unal. Batman Universiesi. Jeoloji Müh.Blm. Batman.
• Jefferson, D.P. (1993). Building Stone: The Geological Dimension. Quarterly Journal Of Engineering Geology 26, 305-319.
• Johnson R.B. & Degraff J.V. (1988). Principles Of Engineering Geology. John Willey&Sons.
• Kaya, A.C. (2008). Midyat Taşının Kaplama ve Yapıda Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Maden Mühendisliği Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 93 sayfa. Adana.
• Richardson, B.A. (1991). The durability of porous stones, Stone Industries, December, 22-25.
• Rodriguez-Navarro, C.& Doehne, E. et al., (2000). How does sodium sulfate crystallize? Implications for the decay and testing of building materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 1527-1534.
• Rodriguez-Navarro, C. & Doehne, E. (1999). Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate, supersaturation and crystallization pattern. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 191-209.
• Rothbert, E., Eggers, , Cassar, J.; Ruedrich, J., Fitzner, B. & Siegesmund,S. (2007) Stone properties and weathering induced by salt crystallization of Maltese Globigerina Limestone. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/12226.DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.271.01.19
• Smith, B., Whalley, B. & Fassina, V. (1988). Elusive solution to monumental decay, New Scientist, 118, 49-53.
• Sperling, C. B. and Cooke, R. V. (1985). Laboratory simulation of rock weathering by salt crystallization and hydration processes in hot, arid environment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 10, 541-555.
• Şimşek, R. (1979). Yukarı Dicle Havzası, Hidrolojik Etüt Raporu. DSİ, Ankara.
• TS EN 12370 (2001) Natural Stone test methods-Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation, TSE, Ankara, Turkey.
• TS 699, (2009). Natural building stones-Methods of inspection and laboratory testing. Turkish Standart Enstitüde, Ankara.
• UN EN 12370 (1999) Natural Stone test methods-Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation, UNE, Madrid, Spain
• Unver, B & Unal, M. (1995). Effect of Weathering Properties of Rocks on The Stability of Surface Excavations and Underguround Openings. Mining Journal, Chamber of mining Ankara
• Unal, M., Oksuzoglu, C., & Berber, H. (2006). Salt- induced decay of the building stone. VIth International Scientific Conference, SGEM 2006, Bulgaria, Varna, pp:75-82
• Unal & Gündoğdu (2011). The effect of salt crystallization on tuff used as building material, Engineering Sciences, e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 2011, Volume: 6, Number: 1.
• Winkler, E. M. (1994). Stone in Architecture, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 313 pp.