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Kişilik ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 137 - 147, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Çalışmanın
amacı ergenlik dönemi içerisinde şekillenmeye başlayan kişlik kavramını
kuramsal açıdan açıklamaya çalışmaktır. Kişilik kavramı eskiden beri  üzerinde sıkça çalışılan bir olgu olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kişiliğin bireysel olması ve ayırtediciliğinin evrensel olmasına
bağlı olarak, kişilik kavramı araştırma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir.  Kişiliğin karmaşıklığından dolayı,
literatürde kişiliği açıklmaya çalışan birçok kuramın var olduğu görülmektedir.
Bu çalışmada kişilik kavramı alan yazında çokça kullanılan  ayırıcı özellik kişilik kuramı çerçevesinde
ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle kişilik ve kişilik özellikleri kavramlarına
değinilmiş, ardından ayırıcı özellik kişilik kuramı ele alınmıştır. Ayırıcı özellik
kişilik kuramın içerisinde yer alan beş faktör kişilik özellikleri olan
özdenetim, uyum, dışadönüklük, nörotiklik ve gelişime açıklık etmenleri
açıklanmıştır. Sonrasında literatürde beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin üst
düzey faktörleri olan durağanlık ve esneklik boyutlarına değinilmiştir. Sonuç olarak
alan yazında kişilik ile ilgili çalışmaların güncelliğini hala koruduğu ve
kişiliğin bir çok yönden incelenme konusu olmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir.

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart ve Winston.
  • Arthur, W., & Graziano, W. G. (1996). The five-factor model, conscientiousness, and driving accident involvement. Journal of Personality, 64, 593-618.
  • Atkinson, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., Smith, E. E., Bem, D. J., & Hoeksema, S. (1999).Psikolojiye giriş. (A. Yavuz, Çev.). İstanbul: Arkadaş Yayınları. Augustine, A. A., & Larson, R. J. (2012). Is a trait really the mean of states? similarities and differences between traditonal and aggregate assessments of personality. Journal of Individual Differences, 33(3), 131-137.
  • Biesanz, J. C. & West, S. G. (2004). Towards understanding assessments of the big five: multitrait- multimethod analyses of convergent and discriminant validity across measurement occasion and type of observer. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 845–876.
  • Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik: Psikoloji biliminin insan doğasına dair söyledikleri.(İ.D. Ergüvan- Sarıoğlu, Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992a). Normal personaltiy assessment in clinical practice: The neo personality inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4, 5-13.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653–665.
  • Chang, L., Connelly, B. S. & Geeza, A. (2012). Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: a meta-analytic multitrait-multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 408–426.
  • Chauvin, B., Hermand, D., & Mullet, E. (2007). Risk Perception and Personality Facets. Risk Analysis. 1, 171-185.
  • Deary, I. J. (2009). The trait approach to personality. In Corr, P. J., & Matthews G. (Edit.). The combridge handbook of personality psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Demirbaş, N. (2014). Üst-düzey kişilik ve yaşamda anlam: temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların rolünün yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi),İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2010). Toward a theory of the big five. Psychological Inquiry, 21(1), 26-33.
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the big five in a multi-informant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 1138–51.
  • DeYoung, C. G., Hasher, L., Djikic, M. Criger, B., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Morning people are stable people: Circadian rhythm and the higher-order factors of the Big Five. Personalityand Individual Differences, 43, 267–276.
  • DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33(4), 533–552.
  • Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order, factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246-1256.
  • Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: emengence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
  • Gerrig, R. J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2012). Psikolojiye giriş-psikoloji ve yaşam. (G. Sart, Çev.).Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An Alternative “description of personality”. The big–five factor structure. Journal of Personaltiy and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The Structure of Phenotypic Personality Traists. American Psychologist, 48(1), 26-34.
  • Graziano, W. G., & Tobin, R. M. (2002). Agreebleness: Dimension of personality or social desirability artifact? Journal of Personality, 70, 695-728.
  • Gunthert, K. C., Cohen, L. H., & Armelli, S. (1999). The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1087-1100.
  • Hirsh, J. B., DeYoung, C. G., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Metatraits of the Big Five differentially predict engagement and restraint of behavior. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1085-1102.
  • Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Ando, J., Yamagata, S., Suzuki, A., Angleiner, A., Ostendorf, F., Riemann, R., & Spinath, F. (2006). Behavioral genetics of the higher-order factors of the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 261–272.
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to ıntegrative big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and conceptual ıssues, in handbook of personality: Theory and research. New York: The Guildford Press.
  • John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perceptives, 102-138. In Hadbook of Personality, (Ed. Pervin, L. A., & John, O.P). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Köroğlu, E., & Bayraktar, S. (2011). Kişilik bozuklukları. Ankara: HYB Basım Yayın.
  • McCrae, R. R. (2009). The five factor model of personality traits: consensus and controversy. In Corr, P. J., & Matthews G. (Edit.). The Combridge handbook of personalitypsychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood: A five- factor theory perspective (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2007). Brief versions of the NEO-PI-3. Journal of Individual Differences, 28(3), 116-128.
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the Five-Factor Model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215.
  • McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1991). The NEO personality ınventory: Using the five-factor modeı in counseling. Journal of Counseling ve Development, 69(4), 367–372.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 547-561.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2013). Psikolojik danışma ve psikoterapi kuramları. (Çev. Ed. Akkoyun, F.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Nelson, D., & Quick, J. C. (2003). Organizational behavior: Foundations, realities, and challenges. Ohio: SouthWestern.
  • Noller, P., Law, H., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Cattell, Comrey, and Eyscenk personality factors compared:More evidence fort he five robust factors?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 775-782.
  • Olson, K. R. (2005). Engagement and self-control: Superordinate dimensions of big five traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1689-1700.
  • Patrick, C. L. (2011). Student evaluations of teachings: Effects of the big five personality traits, grades and the validity hypothesis. Assessment and Evaluations in Higher Education, 36(2), 239-249.
  • Rubenzer, S. J., & Faschingbauer, T. R. (2004). Personality, character & leadership in the white house: Psychologists assess the presidents. Washington: Brassey’s Inc.
  • Rushton, J. P. & Irwing, P. (2008). A general factor of personality (gfp) from two meta-analyses of the big five: Digman (1997) and Mount, Barrick, Scullen, and Rounds (2005).Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 679–683.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2002). Beş faktör kişilik envanteri’nin geliştirilmesi-1: Ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49), 21–33.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F., & Koydemir, S. (2012). Linking metatraits of the big five to well-being and well-being: Do basic psychological needs matter? Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 221–238.
  • Tappin, R. M. (2014). Personality traits, the interaction effects of education, and employee readiness for organizational change: A quantitative study. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis), Capella University, Minneapolis.
  • Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Barbaranelli, C., & Caprara, G. (2011). Higher-order factors of the big five and basic values: empirical and theoretical relations. British Journal of Psychology, 102(3), 478–98.
  • Vitaro, F., Boivin, M., & Bukowski, W. M. (2009). The role of friendship in child and adolescent psychosocial development. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B.
  • Laursen (Eds.), Social, Emotional, and personality development in context. Handbook of peer interactionsi relationships, and groups (pp. 568-585). New York: Guildford Press.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relavance to psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 18-31.
  • West, S. G., & Graziano, W. G. (1989). Long-term stability and change in personality: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 175-193.
  • Zapiatis, A., & Constanti, P. (2012). Extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 33(1), 86-104.

Personality and Five Factor Personality Traits: A Theoretical Framework

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 137 - 147, 30.06.2020

Abstract

The aim of the study is to try to explain the concept of personality starting to take shape during puberty in terms of theory. The concept of peronality has always appeared to us as a frequently studied phenemonon since old times. Due to the fact that personality is individual, but distinctiveness is universal, the concept of personality continues to be the subject of research. Since personality is complex, it can be seen that there are numerous concepts trying to explain it. In this study, the concept of personality was studied within the framework of distinctive trait of personality concept widely used in the literature. For this purpose, primarily, personality and personality traits were referred, and then distinctive trait of personality theory was studied. The clarity factors of self control, adaptation, outwardness, neuroticism  and development which are five factor personality traits taking place within distinctive trait of personality concept were explained. Afterwards, stability and flexibility, which are the top-level factors of five factors of personality traits in the literature, were discussed. As a result, it is seen that the studies about personality still maintain their actuality, and that personality continues to be the subject of study in many respects. 

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart ve Winston.
  • Arthur, W., & Graziano, W. G. (1996). The five-factor model, conscientiousness, and driving accident involvement. Journal of Personality, 64, 593-618.
  • Atkinson, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., Smith, E. E., Bem, D. J., & Hoeksema, S. (1999).Psikolojiye giriş. (A. Yavuz, Çev.). İstanbul: Arkadaş Yayınları. Augustine, A. A., & Larson, R. J. (2012). Is a trait really the mean of states? similarities and differences between traditonal and aggregate assessments of personality. Journal of Individual Differences, 33(3), 131-137.
  • Biesanz, J. C. & West, S. G. (2004). Towards understanding assessments of the big five: multitrait- multimethod analyses of convergent and discriminant validity across measurement occasion and type of observer. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 845–876.
  • Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik: Psikoloji biliminin insan doğasına dair söyledikleri.(İ.D. Ergüvan- Sarıoğlu, Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992a). Normal personaltiy assessment in clinical practice: The neo personality inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4, 5-13.
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653–665.
  • Chang, L., Connelly, B. S. & Geeza, A. (2012). Separating method factors and higher order traits of the Big Five: a meta-analytic multitrait-multimethod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 408–426.
  • Chauvin, B., Hermand, D., & Mullet, E. (2007). Risk Perception and Personality Facets. Risk Analysis. 1, 171-185.
  • Deary, I. J. (2009). The trait approach to personality. In Corr, P. J., & Matthews G. (Edit.). The combridge handbook of personality psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Demirbaş, N. (2014). Üst-düzey kişilik ve yaşamda anlam: temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların rolünün yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile incelenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi),İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2010). Toward a theory of the big five. Psychological Inquiry, 21(1), 26-33.
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the big five in a multi-informant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 1138–51.
  • DeYoung, C. G., Hasher, L., Djikic, M. Criger, B., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Morning people are stable people: Circadian rhythm and the higher-order factors of the Big Five. Personalityand Individual Differences, 43, 267–276.
  • DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B. & Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33(4), 533–552.
  • Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order, factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246-1256.
  • Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: emengence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
  • Gerrig, R. J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2012). Psikolojiye giriş-psikoloji ve yaşam. (G. Sart, Çev.).Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An Alternative “description of personality”. The big–five factor structure. Journal of Personaltiy and Social Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
  • Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The Structure of Phenotypic Personality Traists. American Psychologist, 48(1), 26-34.
  • Graziano, W. G., & Tobin, R. M. (2002). Agreebleness: Dimension of personality or social desirability artifact? Journal of Personality, 70, 695-728.
  • Gunthert, K. C., Cohen, L. H., & Armelli, S. (1999). The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1087-1100.
  • Hirsh, J. B., DeYoung, C. G., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Metatraits of the Big Five differentially predict engagement and restraint of behavior. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1085-1102.
  • Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Ando, J., Yamagata, S., Suzuki, A., Angleiner, A., Ostendorf, F., Riemann, R., & Spinath, F. (2006). Behavioral genetics of the higher-order factors of the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 261–272.
  • John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to ıntegrative big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and conceptual ıssues, in handbook of personality: Theory and research. New York: The Guildford Press.
  • John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perceptives, 102-138. In Hadbook of Personality, (Ed. Pervin, L. A., & John, O.P). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Köroğlu, E., & Bayraktar, S. (2011). Kişilik bozuklukları. Ankara: HYB Basım Yayın.
  • McCrae, R. R. (2009). The five factor model of personality traits: consensus and controversy. In Corr, P. J., & Matthews G. (Edit.). The Combridge handbook of personalitypsychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood: A five- factor theory perspective (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2007). Brief versions of the NEO-PI-3. Journal of Individual Differences, 28(3), 116-128.
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the Five-Factor Model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215.
  • McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1991). The NEO personality ınventory: Using the five-factor modeı in counseling. Journal of Counseling ve Development, 69(4), 367–372.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 547-561.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2013). Psikolojik danışma ve psikoterapi kuramları. (Çev. Ed. Akkoyun, F.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Nelson, D., & Quick, J. C. (2003). Organizational behavior: Foundations, realities, and challenges. Ohio: SouthWestern.
  • Noller, P., Law, H., & Comrey, A. L. (1987). Cattell, Comrey, and Eyscenk personality factors compared:More evidence fort he five robust factors?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 775-782.
  • Olson, K. R. (2005). Engagement and self-control: Superordinate dimensions of big five traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1689-1700.
  • Patrick, C. L. (2011). Student evaluations of teachings: Effects of the big five personality traits, grades and the validity hypothesis. Assessment and Evaluations in Higher Education, 36(2), 239-249.
  • Rubenzer, S. J., & Faschingbauer, T. R. (2004). Personality, character & leadership in the white house: Psychologists assess the presidents. Washington: Brassey’s Inc.
  • Rushton, J. P. & Irwing, P. (2008). A general factor of personality (gfp) from two meta-analyses of the big five: Digman (1997) and Mount, Barrick, Scullen, and Rounds (2005).Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 679–683.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2002). Beş faktör kişilik envanteri’nin geliştirilmesi-1: Ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49), 21–33.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F., & Koydemir, S. (2012). Linking metatraits of the big five to well-being and well-being: Do basic psychological needs matter? Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 221–238.
  • Tappin, R. M. (2014). Personality traits, the interaction effects of education, and employee readiness for organizational change: A quantitative study. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis), Capella University, Minneapolis.
  • Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Barbaranelli, C., & Caprara, G. (2011). Higher-order factors of the big five and basic values: empirical and theoretical relations. British Journal of Psychology, 102(3), 478–98.
  • Vitaro, F., Boivin, M., & Bukowski, W. M. (2009). The role of friendship in child and adolescent psychosocial development. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B.
  • Laursen (Eds.), Social, Emotional, and personality development in context. Handbook of peer interactionsi relationships, and groups (pp. 568-585). New York: Guildford Press.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relavance to psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 18-31.
  • West, S. G., & Graziano, W. G. (1989). Long-term stability and change in personality: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 57(2), 175-193.
  • Zapiatis, A., & Constanti, P. (2012). Extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 33(1), 86-104.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section Compilation Article
Authors

İlhan Çiçek 0000-0003-0266-8656

Ayşe Esra Aslan 0000-0002-0113-1745

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date October 23, 2019
Acceptance Date March 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çiçek, İ., & Aslan, A. E. (2020). Kişilik ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 137-147.