BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Menippean Strategies in Contemporary British Fiction: John Fowles'sThe Magus

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 29 - 47, 01.03.2013

Öz

The genre of Menippean satire is very problematic in terms of the existence of fixed definition. Numerous attempts to propose a final definition have ended up having a blindspot. The most important reason for this is that most critics have focused on what Menippean satire is. However, due to the genre’s liability to change, adapt and digress, in the attempts to propose a definition based on what it is, there has always been a left out. So the focus should rather be what it does. In this context, what Menippean satire aims to do is simply to highlight the incongruities of humanity through a cynical perspective and to represent these incongruities in a carnival-like universe. Briefly, it is cynical in theme and carnivalesque in form. This study aims to exemplify and examine the genre in the light of this new focus in one of its contemporary representatives, namely, John Fowles. His perspective towards the world, the way he uses literary tools and techniques, and the references he makes to other Menippean satirists enables one to consider him as a literary figure in the line of the Menippean tradition. He is a unique practitioner of the Menippean genre who not only employs the core characteristics of the tradition but also contributes to the evolution of the genre by using certain Menippean devices in his own unique way in The Magus.

Kaynakça

  • BERMAN, Marshall. All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. London: Verso, 1983.
  • BEWES, Timothy. Cynicism and Postmodernity. London: Verso, 1997.
  • BOCOCK, Robert. ―The Cultural Formations of Modern Society‖.Formations of Modernity. Stuart Hall and Bram Gieben (eds.). Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005.229-74.
  • BROOKER, Keith. Flann O’Brien Bakhtin and Menippean Satire.Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995.
  • CONRADİ, Peter. John Fowles. London: Methuen, 1982.
  • FOSTER, Thomas C. Understanding John Fowles. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.
  • FOWLES, John. The Magus. New York: Dell Publishing, 1975.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony. Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1997.
  • GRİFFİN, Dustin. Satire: A Critical Reintroduction. Kentucky: U P of Kentucky, 1994.
  • HUFFAKER, Robert. John Fowles.Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980. KAPLAN, Carter. Critical Synoptics: Menippean Satire and the Analysis of Intellectual Mythology. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000.
  • MİLOWİCKİ, Edward J. and Robert Rawdon Wilson. “A Measure for Menippean Discourse: The Example of Shakespeare.‖ Poetics Today 23:2 (Summer 2002) 291-326.
  • MOLONY, Rowland. ―John Fowles: The Magus.‖ Conversations with John Fowles. Dianne L. Vipond (ed.). Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1999. 26-32.
  • NİETZSCHE, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967.
  • SALAMİ, Mahmoud. John Fowles’s Fiction and the Poetics of Postmodernism. Ruthenford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1992.
  • TARBOX, Katherine. ―Interview with John Folwes.‖ Conversations with John Fowles. Dianne L. Vipond (ed.). Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1999. 149-67.
  • ---. The Art of John Fowles. London: The University of Georgia Press, 1988. WANG, An-chi. Gulliver’s Travels and Ching-hua yuan Revisited: A Menippean Approach. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.
  • WEİNBROT, Howard D. Menippean Satire Reconsidered from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
  • BAKHTİN, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
  • ---. Rabelais and His World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
  • ---. Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004.
  • ---. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985. FRYE, Northrop. Anathomy Of Criticism. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000.
  • KİRK, Eugene P. Menippean Satire: An Annotated Catalogue of Texts and Criticism. New York: Garland Publishing, 1980.
  • LANTERS, José. Unauthorized Versions: Irish Menippean Satire, 1919-1952. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2000.
  • RELİHAN, Joel. Ancient Menippean Satire. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Menippean Strategies in Contemporary British Fiction: John Fowles'sThe Magus

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 29 - 47, 01.03.2013

Öz

Özelliklerini tümüyle içeren bir tanımın varlığı konusunda Menippusçu hiciv problemli bir tür olagelmiştir. Şimdiye kadar türün tanımlanabilmesi konusunde çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu tanımların hiçbiri tamamıyla yanlış kabul edilemese de her tanımın kör noktaları olmuştur. Bunun en önemli sebebi, bu tanımların türün ne olduğu sorusu üzerinden yapılmaya çalışılmasıdır. Ancak türün değişken yapısı dolayısıyla, bu sorudan yola çıkarak üretilmiş tanımlar yeterince kapsayıcı olamamışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı türün ne olduğundan çok, ne yaptığı sorusunu dikkate alarak bu tanımlama problemini çözmektir. Bu bağlamda Menippusçu hiciv türünün amacının insanlığa dair çelişkileri şüpheci bir perspektif ve karnivalesk bir yazım tekniğiyle su yüzüne çıkarmak olduğu söylenebilir. Kısacası, tür, tematik anlamda şüpheci, yapısal anlamda karnivalesktir. Bu çalışmada, tür bu yeni bakış açısıyla yeniden değerlendirilmiş ve türün çağdaş temsilcilerinden John Fowles’un The Magus adlı eserinde örneklendirilmiştir. Fowles’un dünyaya bakışı, edebi teknikleri kullanma tarzı, ve türün diğer temsilcilerine yaptığı göndermeler, onun bu geleneğin bir parçası olarak kabul edilmesini mümkün kılar. Fowles hem türün temel özelliklerini eserlerinde yansıtması hem de türe kendisinden bir şeyler katarak türün evrimine katkı sağlaması açısından bu geleneğin çok önemli bir parçası olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • BERMAN, Marshall. All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. London: Verso, 1983.
  • BEWES, Timothy. Cynicism and Postmodernity. London: Verso, 1997.
  • BOCOCK, Robert. ―The Cultural Formations of Modern Society‖.Formations of Modernity. Stuart Hall and Bram Gieben (eds.). Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005.229-74.
  • BROOKER, Keith. Flann O’Brien Bakhtin and Menippean Satire.Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995.
  • CONRADİ, Peter. John Fowles. London: Methuen, 1982.
  • FOSTER, Thomas C. Understanding John Fowles. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.
  • FOWLES, John. The Magus. New York: Dell Publishing, 1975.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony. Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press, 1997.
  • GRİFFİN, Dustin. Satire: A Critical Reintroduction. Kentucky: U P of Kentucky, 1994.
  • HUFFAKER, Robert. John Fowles.Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980. KAPLAN, Carter. Critical Synoptics: Menippean Satire and the Analysis of Intellectual Mythology. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000.
  • MİLOWİCKİ, Edward J. and Robert Rawdon Wilson. “A Measure for Menippean Discourse: The Example of Shakespeare.‖ Poetics Today 23:2 (Summer 2002) 291-326.
  • MOLONY, Rowland. ―John Fowles: The Magus.‖ Conversations with John Fowles. Dianne L. Vipond (ed.). Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1999. 26-32.
  • NİETZSCHE, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967.
  • SALAMİ, Mahmoud. John Fowles’s Fiction and the Poetics of Postmodernism. Ruthenford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1992.
  • TARBOX, Katherine. ―Interview with John Folwes.‖ Conversations with John Fowles. Dianne L. Vipond (ed.). Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1999. 149-67.
  • ---. The Art of John Fowles. London: The University of Georgia Press, 1988. WANG, An-chi. Gulliver’s Travels and Ching-hua yuan Revisited: A Menippean Approach. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.
  • WEİNBROT, Howard D. Menippean Satire Reconsidered from Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.
  • BAKHTİN, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
  • ---. Rabelais and His World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
  • ---. Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004.
  • ---. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985. FRYE, Northrop. Anathomy Of Criticism. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000.
  • KİRK, Eugene P. Menippean Satire: An Annotated Catalogue of Texts and Criticism. New York: Garland Publishing, 1980.
  • LANTERS, José. Unauthorized Versions: Irish Menippean Satire, 1919-1952. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2000.
  • RELİHAN, Joel. Ancient Menippean Satire. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mahinur Akşehir Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akşehir, Y. D. D. M. (2013). Menippean Strategies in Contemporary British Fiction: John Fowles’sThe Magus. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 29-47.