Translation and Adaptation of the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy v1 into Turkish

Abstract

Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) is an internationally recognized framework that systematically classifies techniques used in behavior change interventions. The absence of a Turkish adaptation creates an important gap in conceptual consistency and implementation standardization within the Turkish context. This study aims to translate and culturally adapt BCTTv1 into Turkish through a three-stage methodology combining forward–backward translation, expert evaluation, and cognitive interviews based on the think-aloud method. The 93-technique taxonomy was translated by two independent translators and assessed for conceptual and linguistic equivalence, with issues identified in 36 techniques. During expert evaluation, 124 feedback items were consolidated through content analysis into 53 revision proposals, which were then assessed for clarity, interpretability, and cultural appropriateness in cognitive interviews with seven participants. Modifications were made to 51 techniques at the levels of definitions, examples, terminology, and explanations; as multiple types of improvements applied to some techniques, expert (53) and participant (36) contributions together brought the total number of revisions to 89. Based on these findings, a final Turkish version with clearer definitions, culturally appropriate examples, and standardized terminology was developed. The results demonstrate that taxonomy adaptation, unlike traditional scale adaptation, requires a more multi-layered and iterative process, offering a systematic approach for adapting similar taxonomies to different cultural contexts.

Keywords

• Behavior change techniques
• Taxonomy adaptation
• Cultural translation
• Cognitive interview
• User-centered method

Davranış Değiştirme Teknikleri Taksonomisi v1’in Türkçeye Çevrilmesi ve Kültürel Uyarlaması

Abstract

Davranış Değiştirme Teknikleri Taksonomisi v1 davranış değişikliği müdahalelerinde kullanılan teknikleri sistematik ve kapsamlı biçimde sınıflandıran uluslararası kabul görmüş bir çerçevedir. DDTTv1’in Türkçe literatürde uyarlanmış bir versiyonunun bulunmaması, Türkçe bağlamında yürütülen müdahalelerde kavramsal tutarlılık ve uygulama standardizasyonu açısından önemli bir boşluk oluşturmaktadır. Mevcut çalışma DDTTv1’in Türkçe çevrilmesini ve kültürel uyarlamasını amaçlamaktadır.  Çalışma üç aşamalı bir süreç olarak tasarlanmıştır. İleri–geri çeviri, uzman değerlendirmesi ve sesli düşünme (think-aloud) yöntemine dayalı bilişsel görüşmeler ile yenilikçi bir uyarlama metodolojisi sunmaktadır. Toplam 93 teknikten oluşan taksonomi, iki bağımsız çevirmen tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve kavramsal ile dilsel eşdeğerlik açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İleri–geri çeviri sürecinde 36 teknikte sorun tespit edilmiştir. Uzman değerlendirmesi aşamasında toplam 124 geri bildirim elde edilmiş, bu geri bildirimler içerik analizi ile birleştirilerek 53 düzenleme önerisi altında toplanmıştır. Yapılan düzenlemeler, yedi katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen bilişsel görüşmeler aracılığıyla anlaşılırlık, yorumlanabilirlik ve kültürel uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular tanım, örnek, terminoloji ve açıklama düzeyinde toplam 51 teknikte düzenleme yapıldığını göstermektedir. Bazı tekniklerde birden fazla türde geliştirme yapılması nedeniyle, uzman (53) ve katılımcı (36) katkıları birlikte toplam düzenleme sayısını 89’a ulaştırmıştır. Yapılan düzenlemeler özellikle kavramsal netlik, zamansal yorumlama, terminolojik tutarlılık ve kültürel uygunluk alanlarında yoğunlaşmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, daha açık tanımlar, kültürel bağlama uygun örnekler ve standardize edilmiş terminoloji içeren nihai Türkçe sürüm oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular, taksonomi uyarlamasının klasik ölçek uyarlamalarından farklı olarak daha çok katmanlı ve yinelemeli bir süreç gerektirdiğini göstermektedir. Önerilen metodoloji, benzer taksonomilerin farklı kültürel bağlamlara uyarlanmasında kullanılabilecek sistematik bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Davranış değiştirme teknikleri
• Taksonomi uyarlaması
• Kültürel çeviri
• Bilişsel görüşme
• Kullanıcı merkezli yöntem

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