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Examining the Coinciding-Anticipation Timing, Blood Lactate Level and Decision-Making of Football Referee at Different Exercise Intensities

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 260 - 276, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.469973

Abstract

The study was conducted
to examine the coinciding anticipation timing, blood lactate level and
decision-making of football referees at different exercise intensities. Twelve
male referees (6 referees and 6 asistant referees) who were all active in Mugla
and had any health problems and injuries, participated in this study
voluntarily. Low intensity exercise (%40), moderate intensity exercise (%60)
and high intensity exercise (%90) were applied to the referees on the cycling
ergometer on different days. The referees’ coinciding anticipation timing and
decision-making skills about positions that occur very often in the match were
measured at the target heart rate determined for each exercise intensity. In
addition, blood lactate levels of referee were also examined before each
exercise protocol and after exercise (1., 4 and 8. min). As a result of the
statistical analysis, when the absolute error scores (6mph and 12 mph) measured
during the low, moderate and high exercise intensity were compared, no
statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). In the comparison
of measured decision-making skills during the low, moderate and high intensity
exercise were found to be significant. A statistically significant difference
was observed in the comparison of the blood lactate levels measured rest
(before exercise), the 1st minute, 4th minute and 8th minute after exercise at
all three exercise intensity (low, moderate, high). A statistically significant
negative correlation was found between the blood lactate level measured at 8th
minute after the low intensity exercise and total score of decision-making
(r=.-577, p<0.05). Significant positive correlation were found between
absolute error (6mph) measured high exercise intensity and blood lactate levels
measured at 4th minute (r=.662, p<0.05) 
and 8th minute (r=.741, p<0.05) 
after high intensity exercise. In the planning of training programmes of
the referees, , it is thought to be important to add the cognitive functions to
the training programmes for the improving tolerance of exhaustion as well as
the physical and physiological function.

References

  • Alaei, F. (2015). Effects of exercise intensity and stimulus speed on coincidence anticipation timing with respect to gender in adolescent badminton players. Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, Middle East Technical University. Ankara.
  • Almonroeder, T. G., Tighe, S. M., Miller, T. M., Lanning, C. R. (2018). The influence of fatigue on decision-making in athletes: a systematic review. Sports Biomechanics, 14, 1-14.
  • Balmer, N.J., Nevill, A.M., Lane, A.M., Ward, P., Williams, M.A., Fairclough, S.A. (2007) Influence of crowd noise in soccer on soccer refereeing consistency. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(2), 130-145.
  • Boullosa, D.A, Abreu, L., Tuimil, J.L, Leicht, A.S. (2012). Impact of a soccer match on the cardiac autonomic control of referees. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(6), 2233-2242.
  • Browne, S. E., Flynn, M. J., O’Neill, B. V., Howatson, G., Bell, P. G., Haskell-Ramsay, C. F. (2017). Effects of acute high-intensity exercise on cognitive performance in trained individuals: A systematic review. In Progress in Brain Research, 234, 161-187.
  • Byun, K., Hyodo, K., Suwabe, K., Ochi, G., Sakairi, Y., Kato, M., Dan, I., Soya, H. (2014). Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: an fNIRS study. Neuroimage, 98, 336-345.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., & D’ottavio, S. (2007). Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Medicine, 37(7), 625-646.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., D’Ottavio, S. (2005). Competitive level differences in yo-yo ıntermittent recovery and 12 min run test performance in soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4), 805–809.
  • Castillo, D., Camara, J., Lozano, D., Berzosa, C.,Yanci, J. (2018). The association between physical performance and match-play activities of field and assistants soccer referees. Research in Sports Medicine, 20, 1-15.
  • Catteeuw, P., Gilis, B., Wagemans, J., & Helsen, W. (2010). Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(5), 471-481.
  • Ceylan, H. I., Saygin, O. (2018). Acute effect of various exercise ıntensities on cognitive performance. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(2), 157-172.
  • Choi, Y., Roh, J. (2018). Activity profile and physiological responses of Korean amateur football referees during matches. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(2), 351–354.
  • Da Silva, A. I., Fernandes, L. C., Fernandez, R. (2008). Energy expenditure and intensity of physical activity in soccer referees during match-play. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 7(3), 327-334.
  • Davranche, K., Brisswalter, J., Radel, R. (2015). Where are the limits of the effects of exercise intensity on cognitive control? J Sport Health Sci, 4, 56-63.
  • D'Ottavio, S., Castagna, C. (2001). Physiological load imposed on elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 27-32.
  • Duncan, M., Smith, M., Lyons, M. (2013). The Effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation performance at different stimulus speeds. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(5), 559-566.
  • Duncan, M.J., Smith, M., Bryant, E., Eyre, E., Cook, K., Hankey, J., Tallis, J., Clarke, N., Jones, M.V. (2014). Effects of increasing and decreasing physiological arousal on anticipation timing performance during competition and practice. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(1), 27-35.
  • Ekmekçi, R. (2011). İyi bir hakemin özellikleri. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 1-5.
  • Elsworthy, N., Burke, D., & Dascombe, J. B. (2014). Factors relating to the decision-making performance of Australian football officials. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(2), 401-410.
  • Ferguson, B. (2014). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 9th Ed. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 58(3), 328.
  • Gaoua, N., de Oliveira, R. F., & Hunter, S. (2017). Perception, action, and cognition of football referees in extreme temperatures: impact on decision performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1479. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01479.
  • Günay, M., Tamer, K., Cicioğlu, İ. (2013). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Helsen, W., Bultynck, J.B. (2004) Physical and perceptualcognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football, Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(2), 179-189.
  • Hüttermann, S., Memmert, D. (2014). Does the inverted-U function disappear in expert athletes? An analysis of the attentional behaviour under physical exercise of athletes and non-athletes. Physiol Behav, 131, 87-92.
  • Ishihara, Y., Naito, H., Ozaki, H., Yoshimura, M. (2015). Aerobic fitness relation to match performance of japanese soccer referees. Football Science, 12, 91-97.
  • Jarvis, M., (2006). Sport psychology: a student's handbook. New York: Routledge.
  • Karvonen, M. J., Kentala, E., Mustala, O. (1957). The effects of training heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307-315.
  • Kashihara, K., Nakahara, Y. (2005). Short-term effect of physical exercise at lactate threshold on choice reaction time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 275-291.
  • Kittel, A., Elsworthy, N., & Spittle, M. (2018). Incorporating perceptual decision-making training into high-intensity interval training for Australian football umpires. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-7. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1480257.
  • Krustrup, P., Helsen, W., Randers, M. B., Christensen, J. F., MacDonald, C., Rebelo, A. N., Bangsbo, J. (2009). Activity profile and physical demands of football referees and assistant referees in international games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), 1167-1176.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Bangsbo, J. (2002). Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(11), 861-871.
  • Kumar, A., Kumar, R., & Kumar, R. (2012). Blood lactate response to different workload patterns in female weight lifters. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 8(2), 87-92.
  • Labelle, V., Bosquet, L., Mekary, S., & Bherer, L. (2013). Decline in executive control during acute bouts of exercise as a function of exercise intensity and fitness level. Brain and Cognition, 81(1), 10-17.
  • Lambourne, K., Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-ınduced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 1341, 12-24.
  • Lyons, M., Al-Nakeeb, Y., Nevill, A., (2008). Post-exercise coincidence anticipation in expert and novice gaelic games players: the effects of exercise intensity. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(4), 205-216.
  • Mallo, J., Frutos, P. G., Juárez, D., & Navarro, E. (2012). Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 1437-1445.
  • McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2012). Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: a meta-analytical investigation. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 338-351.
  • McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2015). Is there an acute exercise-induced physiological/biochemical threshold which triggers increased speed of cognitive functioning? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(1), 4-13.
  • North, J. S., Hope, E., & Williams, A. M. (2016). The relative importance of different perceptual-cognitive skills during anticipation. Human Movement Science, 49, 170-177.
  • Papaioannou, A. G., Hackfort, D. (2014). Routledge companion to sport and exercise psychology: global perspectives and fundamentals concepts. London and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Piras, A., Lobietti, R., & Squatrito, S. (2014). Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players. Journal of Ophthalmology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189268.
  • Riiser, A., Pettersen, S. A., Andersen, V., Saeterbakken, A. H., Froyd, C., Ylvisaker, E., Moe, V. F. (2017). Accelerations and high intensity running in field and assistant football referees during match play. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(3), 280-287.
  • Riquelme, D. (2015). The effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cognition and arousal in extrovert and ıntrovert personality types. Doctor of Philosophy dissertation. Faculty of the University of Miami, Florida.
  • Robbins, J. E., Madrigal, L. (2016). Sport, exercise, and performance psychology: bridging theory and application. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Rooks, C. R., Thom, N. J., McCully, K. K., & Dishman, R. K. (2010). Effects of incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: A systematic review. Progress in Neurobiology, 92(2), 134–150.
  • Schapschröer, M., Lemez, S., Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2016). Physical load affects perceptual-cognitive performance of skilled athletes: A systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open, 2(1), 37. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0061-0.
  • Schenk, K., Bizzini, M., & Gatterer, H. (2018). Exercise physiology and nutritional perspectives of elite soccer refereeing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 782-793.
  • Sors, F., Murgia, M., Santoro, I., Prpic, V., Galmonte, A., & Agostini, T. (2017). The contribution of early auditory and visual information to the discrimination of shot power in ball sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 31, 44-51.
  • Söğüt, M., Ak, E., Koçak, S. (2009). 8-10 Yaş grubu tenis oyuncularının sezinleme zamanı. Hacettepe Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 1-5.
  • Smith, M., Tallis, J., Miller, A., Clarke, N. D., Guimaraes-Ferreira, L., Duncan, M. J. (2016). The effect of exercise intensity on cognitive performance during short duration treadmill running. Journal of Human Kinetics, 51(1), 27–35.
  • Spitz, J., Put, K., Wagemans, J., Williams, A. M., & Helsen, W. F. (2018). The role of domain-generic and domain-specific perceptual-cognitive skills in association football referees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 34, 47-56.
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Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 260 - 276, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.469973

Abstract

Bu çalışma, futbol
hakemlerinin farklı egzersiz şiddetlerinde sezinleme zamanı, kan laktat düzeyi
ve karar verme becerilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.  Çalışmaya Muğla ilinde hakemlik yapan,
herhangi bir sağlık problemi ve sportif yaralanması olmayan 12 erkek futbol
hakemi (yardımcı hakem: 6, hakem: 6) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan
hakemlere, farklı günlerde bisiklet ergometresinde düşük şiddetli (%40)
egzersiz, orta şiddetli (%60) egzersiz, yüksek şiddetli (%90) egzersiz
protokolü uygulanmıştır. Hakemlerin her bir egzersiz şiddeti için belirlenen
hedef kalp atım sayısında sezinleme zamanı ve maç içerisinde çok sık rastlanan
pozisyonlarla ilgili karar verme becerileri egzersiz sırasında ölçülmüştür.
Ayrıca hakemlerin her bir egzersiz öncesi ve egzersiz sonrasında (1., 4. ve 8.
dk) kan laktat düzeyi incelenmiştir. İstatiksel analiz sonucunda; düşük, orta
ve yüksek egzersiz şiddeti sırasında ölçülen mutlak hata skorları (6mph ve
12mph) karşılaştırıldığında, istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır
(p>0.05). Düşük, orta ve yüksek şiddetteki egzersizler sırasında ölçülen
karar verme becerilerinin karşılaştırılmasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark
bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Her üç egzersiz şiddetinde de (düşük, orta, yüksek)
egzersizden önce, egzersizden sonra 1. dakika, 4. dakika ve 8. dakikada ölçülen
kan laktat düzeyinin karşılaştırılmasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark
görülmüştür (p<0.05).  Düşük
şiddetteki egzersizden sonra 8. dakikada ölçülen kan laktat düzeyi ile karar
verme toplam skoru arasında istatiksel olarak negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur
(r=.-577, p<0.05). Yüksek egzersiz şiddeti sırasında ölçülen mutlak hata
skoru (6mph) ile egzersizden sonra 4. dakika (r=.662, p<0.05) ve 8. dakikada
(r=.741, p<0.05) ölçülen kan laktat düzeyi değerleri arasında anlamlı ilişki
bulunmuştur. Hakemlerin antrenman programlarının planlanmasında fiziksel ve
fizyolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra bilişsel fonksiyonlarının da yorgunluğa
olan toleransını geliştirici egzersizlerin programa dahil edilmesinin önemli
olduğu düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Alaei, F. (2015). Effects of exercise intensity and stimulus speed on coincidence anticipation timing with respect to gender in adolescent badminton players. Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, Middle East Technical University. Ankara.
  • Almonroeder, T. G., Tighe, S. M., Miller, T. M., Lanning, C. R. (2018). The influence of fatigue on decision-making in athletes: a systematic review. Sports Biomechanics, 14, 1-14.
  • Balmer, N.J., Nevill, A.M., Lane, A.M., Ward, P., Williams, M.A., Fairclough, S.A. (2007) Influence of crowd noise in soccer on soccer refereeing consistency. Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(2), 130-145.
  • Boullosa, D.A, Abreu, L., Tuimil, J.L, Leicht, A.S. (2012). Impact of a soccer match on the cardiac autonomic control of referees. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(6), 2233-2242.
  • Browne, S. E., Flynn, M. J., O’Neill, B. V., Howatson, G., Bell, P. G., Haskell-Ramsay, C. F. (2017). Effects of acute high-intensity exercise on cognitive performance in trained individuals: A systematic review. In Progress in Brain Research, 234, 161-187.
  • Byun, K., Hyodo, K., Suwabe, K., Ochi, G., Sakairi, Y., Kato, M., Dan, I., Soya, H. (2014). Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: an fNIRS study. Neuroimage, 98, 336-345.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., & D’ottavio, S. (2007). Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Medicine, 37(7), 625-646.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., D’Ottavio, S. (2005). Competitive level differences in yo-yo ıntermittent recovery and 12 min run test performance in soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4), 805–809.
  • Castillo, D., Camara, J., Lozano, D., Berzosa, C.,Yanci, J. (2018). The association between physical performance and match-play activities of field and assistants soccer referees. Research in Sports Medicine, 20, 1-15.
  • Catteeuw, P., Gilis, B., Wagemans, J., & Helsen, W. (2010). Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(5), 471-481.
  • Ceylan, H. I., Saygin, O. (2018). Acute effect of various exercise ıntensities on cognitive performance. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(2), 157-172.
  • Choi, Y., Roh, J. (2018). Activity profile and physiological responses of Korean amateur football referees during matches. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(2), 351–354.
  • Da Silva, A. I., Fernandes, L. C., Fernandez, R. (2008). Energy expenditure and intensity of physical activity in soccer referees during match-play. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 7(3), 327-334.
  • Davranche, K., Brisswalter, J., Radel, R. (2015). Where are the limits of the effects of exercise intensity on cognitive control? J Sport Health Sci, 4, 56-63.
  • D'Ottavio, S., Castagna, C. (2001). Physiological load imposed on elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 27-32.
  • Duncan, M., Smith, M., Lyons, M. (2013). The Effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation performance at different stimulus speeds. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(5), 559-566.
  • Duncan, M.J., Smith, M., Bryant, E., Eyre, E., Cook, K., Hankey, J., Tallis, J., Clarke, N., Jones, M.V. (2014). Effects of increasing and decreasing physiological arousal on anticipation timing performance during competition and practice. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(1), 27-35.
  • Ekmekçi, R. (2011). İyi bir hakemin özellikleri. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 1-5.
  • Elsworthy, N., Burke, D., & Dascombe, J. B. (2014). Factors relating to the decision-making performance of Australian football officials. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(2), 401-410.
  • Ferguson, B. (2014). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 9th Ed. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 58(3), 328.
  • Gaoua, N., de Oliveira, R. F., & Hunter, S. (2017). Perception, action, and cognition of football referees in extreme temperatures: impact on decision performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1479. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01479.
  • Günay, M., Tamer, K., Cicioğlu, İ. (2013). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Helsen, W., Bultynck, J.B. (2004) Physical and perceptualcognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football, Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(2), 179-189.
  • Hüttermann, S., Memmert, D. (2014). Does the inverted-U function disappear in expert athletes? An analysis of the attentional behaviour under physical exercise of athletes and non-athletes. Physiol Behav, 131, 87-92.
  • Ishihara, Y., Naito, H., Ozaki, H., Yoshimura, M. (2015). Aerobic fitness relation to match performance of japanese soccer referees. Football Science, 12, 91-97.
  • Jarvis, M., (2006). Sport psychology: a student's handbook. New York: Routledge.
  • Karvonen, M. J., Kentala, E., Mustala, O. (1957). The effects of training heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307-315.
  • Kashihara, K., Nakahara, Y. (2005). Short-term effect of physical exercise at lactate threshold on choice reaction time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 275-291.
  • Kittel, A., Elsworthy, N., & Spittle, M. (2018). Incorporating perceptual decision-making training into high-intensity interval training for Australian football umpires. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-7. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1480257.
  • Krustrup, P., Helsen, W., Randers, M. B., Christensen, J. F., MacDonald, C., Rebelo, A. N., Bangsbo, J. (2009). Activity profile and physical demands of football referees and assistant referees in international games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), 1167-1176.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Bangsbo, J. (2002). Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(11), 861-871.
  • Kumar, A., Kumar, R., & Kumar, R. (2012). Blood lactate response to different workload patterns in female weight lifters. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 8(2), 87-92.
  • Labelle, V., Bosquet, L., Mekary, S., & Bherer, L. (2013). Decline in executive control during acute bouts of exercise as a function of exercise intensity and fitness level. Brain and Cognition, 81(1), 10-17.
  • Lambourne, K., Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-ınduced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 1341, 12-24.
  • Lyons, M., Al-Nakeeb, Y., Nevill, A., (2008). Post-exercise coincidence anticipation in expert and novice gaelic games players: the effects of exercise intensity. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(4), 205-216.
  • Mallo, J., Frutos, P. G., Juárez, D., & Navarro, E. (2012). Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 1437-1445.
  • McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2012). Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: a meta-analytical investigation. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 338-351.
  • McMorris, T., & Hale, B. J. (2015). Is there an acute exercise-induced physiological/biochemical threshold which triggers increased speed of cognitive functioning? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4(1), 4-13.
  • North, J. S., Hope, E., & Williams, A. M. (2016). The relative importance of different perceptual-cognitive skills during anticipation. Human Movement Science, 49, 170-177.
  • Papaioannou, A. G., Hackfort, D. (2014). Routledge companion to sport and exercise psychology: global perspectives and fundamentals concepts. London and Newyork: Routledge.
  • Piras, A., Lobietti, R., & Squatrito, S. (2014). Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players. Journal of Ophthalmology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189268.
  • Riiser, A., Pettersen, S. A., Andersen, V., Saeterbakken, A. H., Froyd, C., Ylvisaker, E., Moe, V. F. (2017). Accelerations and high intensity running in field and assistant football referees during match play. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(3), 280-287.
  • Riquelme, D. (2015). The effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on cognition and arousal in extrovert and ıntrovert personality types. Doctor of Philosophy dissertation. Faculty of the University of Miami, Florida.
  • Robbins, J. E., Madrigal, L. (2016). Sport, exercise, and performance psychology: bridging theory and application. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Rooks, C. R., Thom, N. J., McCully, K. K., & Dishman, R. K. (2010). Effects of incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: A systematic review. Progress in Neurobiology, 92(2), 134–150.
  • Schapschröer, M., Lemez, S., Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2016). Physical load affects perceptual-cognitive performance of skilled athletes: A systematic review. Sports Medicine-Open, 2(1), 37. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0061-0.
  • Schenk, K., Bizzini, M., & Gatterer, H. (2018). Exercise physiology and nutritional perspectives of elite soccer refereeing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 782-793.
  • Sors, F., Murgia, M., Santoro, I., Prpic, V., Galmonte, A., & Agostini, T. (2017). The contribution of early auditory and visual information to the discrimination of shot power in ball sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 31, 44-51.
  • Söğüt, M., Ak, E., Koçak, S. (2009). 8-10 Yaş grubu tenis oyuncularının sezinleme zamanı. Hacettepe Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 1-5.
  • Smith, M., Tallis, J., Miller, A., Clarke, N. D., Guimaraes-Ferreira, L., Duncan, M. J. (2016). The effect of exercise intensity on cognitive performance during short duration treadmill running. Journal of Human Kinetics, 51(1), 27–35.
  • Spitz, J., Put, K., Wagemans, J., Williams, A. M., & Helsen, W. F. (2018). The role of domain-generic and domain-specific perceptual-cognitive skills in association football referees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 34, 47-56.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kurtuluş Aslan 0000-0001-7879-9180

Özcan Saygın 0000-0003-0380-586X

Halil İbrahim Ceylan 0000-0003-1133-5511

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Submission Date October 12, 2018
Acceptance Date December 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aslan, K., Saygın, Ö., & Ceylan, H. İ. (2018). Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.469973
AMA Aslan K, Saygın Ö, Ceylan Hİ. Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. CBÜ BESBD. December 2018;13(2):260-276. doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.469973
Chicago Aslan, Kurtuluş, Özcan Saygın, and Halil İbrahim Ceylan. “Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi Ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 2 (December 2018): 260-76. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.469973.
EndNote Aslan K, Saygın Ö, Ceylan Hİ (December 1, 2018) Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 13 2 260–276.
IEEE K. Aslan, Ö. Saygın, and H. İ. Ceylan, “Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi”, CBÜ BESBD, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 260–276, 2018, doi: 10.33459/cbubesbd.469973.
ISNAD Aslan, Kurtuluş et al. “Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi Ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 13/2 (December 2018), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.469973.
JAMA Aslan K, Saygın Ö, Ceylan Hİ. Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. CBÜ BESBD. 2018;13:260–276.
MLA Aslan, Kurtuluş et al. “Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi Ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, 2018, pp. 260-76, doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.469973.
Vancouver Aslan K, Saygın Ö, Ceylan Hİ. Futbol Hakemlerinin Farklı Egzersiz Şiddetlerinde Sezinleme Zamanı, Kan Laktat Düzeyi ve Karar Verme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi. CBÜ BESBD. 2018;13(2):260-76.