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The Truth in Stars: Astrology in Antiquity and The Utilisation of Power

Year 2017, Volume: 5, 0 - 0, 01.06.2017

Abstract

For Michel Foucault, the governing of people is only possible through the “manifestation of truth” of the individuals or rulers, through an act or a ritual, whose nature and ways change according to the time and the so­ciety. His series of lectures, titled “On the Government of the Living”, begin with an example from the Roman Empire, namely Septimius Severus’ horoscope, which he had painted on the ceiling of his palace. In most cases concerning the Roman emperors, the manifestation of the truth, i.e. the manifestation of the truth of one’s exis­tence, of the truth of the things that one realizes through his body and behaviour as a prerequisite of political po­wer was possible through astrological knowledge, whe­re­as in Classical Greek tragedy and politics, this is a result of secular research and investigation. Although Foucault devotes a considerable space to the latter, he does not discuss why the Greek and Roman practices differ or why, contrary to the practice in the Roman imperial pe­riod, horoscopes were not used as a manifestation of truth under the Roman Republic. He does, however, claim that the truth manifested in pagan antiquity, which was “outside” the individual, transformed into a concept of truth that resided “in” the individual, which must be re­ve­aled through baptism and confession, and that this new idea formed the basis of modern governmentality that we experience today. This article is an attempt to ex­plain and expand upon Foucault’s ideas concerning this matter.

References

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  • (= Arrianos, Aleksandrou Anabasis) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Anabasis of Alexander , vols. I-II. Trans. P. A. Brunt. Cambridge, Mass. London 1976-1983 (The Loeb Classical Library).
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  • (= Diodoros Sikeliotes, Bibliotheke Historike) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Library of History vols. I-XII. Trans. C. H. Oldfather – R. M. Geer – C. L. Sherman. Cambridge, Mass. London 1933- 1967 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Firmicus Maternus, Matheseos Libri) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Ancient Astrology Theory and Practice: Mathe- seos Libri VIII. Trans. J. R. Bram. Maryland, 2005.
  • (= Herodotos, Historiai) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Persian Wars vols. I-IV. Trans. A. D. God- ley. Cambridge, Mass. London 1917-1925 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina/Odes) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Odes and Epodes. Trans. N. Rudd. Cambridge, Mass. London 2004 (The Loeb Classical Library).
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  • (= Tacitus, Annales) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Annals. Trans. J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass. London 1914 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Teritullianus, de Baptismo) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Tertullian’s Homily on Baptism. The text edi- ted with an introduction by translation & commentary by E. Evans. Lon- don [No Date].
  • (= Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Compendium of Roman History. Res Gestae Divi Augusti. Trans. F. W. Shipley. Cambridge, Mass. London 1924 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • V. Azoulay, Pericles of Athens. Princeton 2014.
  • T. Barton, Ancient Astrology. London 1994.
  • T. Barton, “Augustus and Capricorn: Astrological Polyvalency and Impe- rial Rhetoric”. JRS 85 (1995) 33-51.
  • S. Bhatt, “The Augustan Principate and the Emergence of Biopolitics: A Comparative Historical Perspective”. Foucault Studies 22 (2017) 72-93.
  • A. R. Birley, Septimius Severus The African Emperor. London 19993.
  • F. H. Cramer, Astrology in Roman Law and Politics. Philadelphia 1954.
  • J. Derrida, Platon’un Eczanesi. Çev. Z. Direk. İstanbul 20142.
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  • Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağ’da Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı 181
  • Edwards – Graulund 2013 Foucault 2002
  • Foucault 2011
  • Foucault 2012
  • Foucault 2013
  • Foucault 2014a
  • Foucault 2014b4 Foucault 20155
  • Fowden 1986
  • Gee 2001 Gladhill 2012
  • Guthrie 19857
  • Gutting 2005 Habinek 2005 Hahn 2001
  • Hannah – Magli 2011
  • Hardie 1985
  • Harris 2009 Hart 20052
  • Hodgson 2017 Johnston 2008 Jones 2003
  • Jordan 2015 Kendall-Wickham Lemke 2016
  • J. D. Edwards – R. Graulund, Grotesque. London 2013.
  • M. Foucault, Power The Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954-1984. Çev. R. Hurley et al.,. London 2002.
  • M. Foucault, The Courage of Truth (The Government of the Self and Others II) Lectures at the Collegé de France, 1983-1984. Çev. G. Burchell. Hamps- hire 2011.
  • M. Foucault, Bilme İstenci Üzerine Dersler Collegé de France Dersleri 1970- 1971. Çev. K. Eksen. İstanbul 2012.
  • M. Foucault, Güvenlik, Toprak, Nüfus. Collège de France Dersleri (1977- 1978). Çev. F. Taylan. İstanbul 2013.
  • M. Foucault, On the Government of the Living Lectures at the Collegé de France 1979-1980. Çev. G. Burchell. Hampshire 2014.
  • M. Foucault, Doğruyu Söylemek. Çev. K. Eksen. İstanbul 2014.
  • M. Foucault, Kelimeler ve Şeyler İnsan Bilimlerinin Bir Arkeolojisi. Çev. M. A. Kılıçbay. Ankara 2015.
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  • G. GuttinG. Focault A Very Short Introduction. Oxford 2005.
  • T. Habinek, Ancient Rhetoric and Oratory. London 2005.
  • R. Hahn, Anaximander and the Architects. The Contributions of Egyptian and Greek Architectural Technologies to the Origins of Greek Philosophy. New York 2001.
  • R. Hannah – G. Magli, “The Role of the Sun in the Pantheon’s Design and Meaning”. Numen 58/4 (2011) 486-513.
  • P. R. Hardie, “Imago Mundi: Cosmological and Ideological Aspects of the Shield of Achilles”. JHS 105 (1985) 11-31.
  • W. V. Harris, Dreams and Experience in Classical Antiquity. London 2009.
  • G. Hart, The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Lon- don 20052.
  • L. Hodgson, Res Publica and the Roman Republic. Oxford 2017.
  • S. I. Johnston, Ancient Greek Divination. London 2008.
  • A. Jones, “The Stoics and the Astronomical Sciences”. Ed. B. Inwood, The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge (2003) 328-345.
  • M. D. Jordan, Convulsing Bodies Religion and Resistance in Foucault. Ca- lifornia 2015.
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  • T. Lemke, Politik Aklın Eleştirisi: Foucault’nun Modern Yönetimsellik Çö- zümlemesi. Çev. Ö. Karlık. Ankara 2016.
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  • Raffnsøe – Gudmand-Høyer –
  • Revel 2012 Rochberg 2004
  • Rothman 1977 Smith 1987 Tsantsoulas 2014
  • Van De Mieroop
  • Van Nuffelen 2010
  • Vernant 2006 Vernant 20132
  • Várhelyi 2010
  • Veyne 2014 White 2003
  • M. Lipka, Roman Gods. A Conceptual Approach. Leiden 2009.
  • S. S. Lusnia, “Urban Planning and Sculptural Display in Severan Rome: Reconstrucing the Septizodium and Its Role in Dynastic Politics”. Numen 108/4 (2004) 517-544.
  • G. Naddaf, The Greek Concept of Nature. New York 1992.
  • A. McHoul – W. Grace, A Foucault Primer. Disourse, Power and the Sub- ject. London 1992.
  • E. Paras, Foucault. Öznenin Yitiminden Yeniden Doğuşuna. Çev. Y. Çetin. İstanbul 2016.
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Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı

Year 2017, Volume: 5, 0 - 0, 01.06.2017

Abstract

Michel Foucault’ya göre insanlar üzerinde iktidar kullanımın gerçekleşebilmesi, bireylerin ya da yöneti­ci­lerin hakikatlerinin farklı toplum ve dönemlerde çeşitli yollarla tezahürüne bağlıdır. Bu olmadan iktidarın işle­mesi nerdeyse imkânsız gibidir. Foucault, Roma impa­ratoru Septimius Severus’un sarayının tavanına çizdir­diği horoskopunu buna bir örnek olarak seçmiştir. Ha­kikatin, daha doğrusu kişinin varlığının, bedeniyle yap­tığı şeylerin veya davranış biçimlerinin hakikatinin teza­hürü, birçok Roma imparatoru için astrolojik bilgi üze­rinden gerçekleşirken, Klasik Hellen tragedyalarında ve siyasetinde bu süreç tek başına tanrısal ya da göksel bir yolla değil, fakat insanların belirli seküler araştırma ve so­ruşturma süreçleriyle ortaya çıkar. Klasik Hellenlerde iktidarın kullanımının ön şartı olan kanıt ve şahitliğin yerini Roma İmparatorluğu’nda kehanet alır. Foucault ne bu değişimin nasıl gerçekleştiği ne de neden Roma Cumhuriyeti’nde horoskopların benzer bir işleve sahip ol­madığını açıklar. Ona göre, Hıristiyanlığa kadar in­san­ların dışında bulunan ve ifşa edilmesi gereken haki­kat, yeni dinle birlikte insanların içinde yer alan ve dışarı çıkarılması gereken bir şey hâline gelmiş ve bu da mo­dern yönetimselliğin temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu maka­le düşünürün antikçağda hakikatin tezahürüyle ilgili fi­kirlerini açıklamayı ve gerekli yerlerde tamamlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

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  • (= Arrianos, Aleksandrou Anabasis) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Anabasis of Alexander , vols. I-II. Trans. P. A. Brunt. Cambridge, Mass. London 1976-1983 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Learned Banqueters vols. I-VIII. Trans. S. D. Olson. Cambridge, Mass. London 2007-2012 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Cassius Dio, Romaike Historia) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Roman History vols. I-XI. Trans. E. Cary – H. B. Foster. Cambridge, Mass. London 1922 (The Loeb Classical Library).
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  • (= Firmicus Maternus, Matheseos Libri) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Ancient Astrology Theory and Practice: Mathe- seos Libri VIII. Trans. J. R. Bram. Maryland, 2005.
  • (= Herodotos, Historiai) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Persian Wars vols. I-IV. Trans. A. D. God- ley. Cambridge, Mass. London 1917-1925 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina/Odes) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Odes and Epodes. Trans. N. Rudd. Cambridge, Mass. London 2004 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Manilius, Astronomica) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Astronomica. Trans. G. P. Goold, Cambridge, Mass. London 1977 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Monumentum Ancyranum) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Ankara Anıtı. Çev. Ç. Dürüşken. İstanbul 2009.
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  • Tact. Ann. Tert. de Bapt.
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  • Modern Litetarür
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  • Bhatt 2017
  • Birley 19993
  • Cramer 1954
  • Derrida 20142
  • Dihle 1982
  • S. Jones. Cambridge, Mass. London 1962 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Plutarkhos, De Pythiae Oraculis) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Isis and Osiris. The E at Delphi. The Oracles at Delphi No Longer Given in Verse. The Obsolescence of Oracles. Trans. F. C. Babbitt. Cambridge, Mass. London 1936 (The Loeb Classical Library).
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  • (= Historia Augusta) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Historia Augusuta vols. I-III. Trans. D. Magie. Cambridge, Mass. London 1932 (The Loeb Classical Library).
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  • (= Tacitus, Annales) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Annals. Trans. J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass. London 1914 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • (= Teritullianus, de Baptismo) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Tertullian’s Homily on Baptism. The text edi- ted with an introduction by translation & commentary by E. Evans. Lon- don [No Date].
  • (= Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Compendium of Roman History. Res Gestae Divi Augusti. Trans. F. W. Shipley. Cambridge, Mass. London 1924 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • V. Azoulay, Pericles of Athens. Princeton 2014.
  • T. Barton, Ancient Astrology. London 1994.
  • T. Barton, “Augustus and Capricorn: Astrological Polyvalency and Impe- rial Rhetoric”. JRS 85 (1995) 33-51.
  • S. Bhatt, “The Augustan Principate and the Emergence of Biopolitics: A Comparative Historical Perspective”. Foucault Studies 22 (2017) 72-93.
  • A. R. Birley, Septimius Severus The African Emperor. London 19993.
  • F. H. Cramer, Astrology in Roman Law and Politics. Philadelphia 1954.
  • J. Derrida, Platon’un Eczanesi. Çev. Z. Direk. İstanbul 20142.
  • A. Dihle, The Theory of Will in Classical Antiquity. London 1982.
  • Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağ’da Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı 181
  • Edwards – Graulund 2013 Foucault 2002
  • Foucault 2011
  • Foucault 2012
  • Foucault 2013
  • Foucault 2014a
  • Foucault 2014b4 Foucault 20155
  • Fowden 1986
  • Gee 2001 Gladhill 2012
  • Guthrie 19857
  • Gutting 2005 Habinek 2005 Hahn 2001
  • Hannah – Magli 2011
  • Hardie 1985
  • Harris 2009 Hart 20052
  • Hodgson 2017 Johnston 2008 Jones 2003
  • Jordan 2015 Kendall-Wickham Lemke 2016
  • J. D. Edwards – R. Graulund, Grotesque. London 2013.
  • M. Foucault, Power The Essential Works of Michel Foucault 1954-1984. Çev. R. Hurley et al.,. London 2002.
  • M. Foucault, The Courage of Truth (The Government of the Self and Others II) Lectures at the Collegé de France, 1983-1984. Çev. G. Burchell. Hamps- hire 2011.
  • M. Foucault, Bilme İstenci Üzerine Dersler Collegé de France Dersleri 1970- 1971. Çev. K. Eksen. İstanbul 2012.
  • M. Foucault, Güvenlik, Toprak, Nüfus. Collège de France Dersleri (1977- 1978). Çev. F. Taylan. İstanbul 2013.
  • M. Foucault, On the Government of the Living Lectures at the Collegé de France 1979-1980. Çev. G. Burchell. Hampshire 2014.
  • M. Foucault, Doğruyu Söylemek. Çev. K. Eksen. İstanbul 2014.
  • M. Foucault, Kelimeler ve Şeyler İnsan Bilimlerinin Bir Arkeolojisi. Çev. M. A. Kılıçbay. Ankara 2015.
  • G. Fowden, The Egyptian Hermes A Historical Approach to Late Pagan Mind. Princeton 1986.
  • E. Gee, “Cicero’s Astronomy”. The Classical Quarterly 51/2 (2001) 520-536. B. Gladhill, “The Emperor’s No Clothes: Suetonius and the Dynamics of Corporeal Ecphrasis”. Classical Antiquity 31/2 (2012) 315-348.
  • W. K. C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy I. Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans. Cambridge 19857.
  • G. GuttinG. Focault A Very Short Introduction. Oxford 2005.
  • T. Habinek, Ancient Rhetoric and Oratory. London 2005.
  • R. Hahn, Anaximander and the Architects. The Contributions of Egyptian and Greek Architectural Technologies to the Origins of Greek Philosophy. New York 2001.
  • R. Hannah – G. Magli, “The Role of the Sun in the Pantheon’s Design and Meaning”. Numen 58/4 (2011) 486-513.
  • P. R. Hardie, “Imago Mundi: Cosmological and Ideological Aspects of the Shield of Achilles”. JHS 105 (1985) 11-31.
  • W. V. Harris, Dreams and Experience in Classical Antiquity. London 2009.
  • G. Hart, The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Lon- don 20052.
  • L. Hodgson, Res Publica and the Roman Republic. Oxford 2017.
  • S. I. Johnston, Ancient Greek Divination. London 2008.
  • A. Jones, “The Stoics and the Astronomical Sciences”. Ed. B. Inwood, The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge (2003) 328-345.
  • M. D. Jordan, Convulsing Bodies Religion and Resistance in Foucault. Ca- lifornia 2015.
  • G. Kendall – G. Wickham, Foucault’nun Yöntemlerini Kullanmak. Çev. U. Y. Kaya – T. Sivrikaya. İstanbul 2016.
  • T. Lemke, Politik Aklın Eleştirisi: Foucault’nun Modern Yönetimsellik Çö- zümlemesi. Çev. Ö. Karlık. Ankara 2016.
  • Lipka 2009 Lusnia 2004
  • Naddaf 2005 McHoul –Grace 1992
  • Paras 2016
  • Popper 20144
  • Prier 1976
  • Raffnsøe – Gudmand-Høyer –
  • Revel 2012 Rochberg 2004
  • Rothman 1977 Smith 1987 Tsantsoulas 2014
  • Van De Mieroop
  • Van Nuffelen 2010
  • Vernant 2006 Vernant 20132
  • Várhelyi 2010
  • Veyne 2014 White 2003
  • M. Lipka, Roman Gods. A Conceptual Approach. Leiden 2009.
  • S. S. Lusnia, “Urban Planning and Sculptural Display in Severan Rome: Reconstrucing the Septizodium and Its Role in Dynastic Politics”. Numen 108/4 (2004) 517-544.
  • G. Naddaf, The Greek Concept of Nature. New York 1992.
  • A. McHoul – W. Grace, A Foucault Primer. Disourse, Power and the Sub- ject. London 1992.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gürkan Ergin This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 5

Cite

APA Ergin, G. (2017). Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı. Cedrus, 5.
AMA Ergin G. Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı. Cedrus. June 2017;5.
Chicago Ergin, Gürkan. “Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji Ve İktidar Kullanımı”. Cedrus 5, June (June 2017).
EndNote Ergin G (June 1, 2017) Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı. Cedrus 5
IEEE G. Ergin, “Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı”, Cedrus, vol. 5, 2017.
ISNAD Ergin, Gürkan. “Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji Ve İktidar Kullanımı”. Cedrus 5 (June 2017).
JAMA Ergin G. Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı. Cedrus. 2017;5.
MLA Ergin, Gürkan. “Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji Ve İktidar Kullanımı”. Cedrus, vol. 5, 2017.
Vancouver Ergin G. Yıldızlardaki Hakikat: Antikçağda Astroloji ve İktidar Kullanımı. Cedrus. 2017;5.

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