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Türkiye ve Etiyopya İlişkileri: Tarihsel Perspektif (1920’den 1991’e)

Year 2021, Volume: 9, 473 - 483, 29.06.2021

Abstract

Türkiye ile Etiyopya arasındaki tarihsel ilişkiler 1920’lerden 1991’e kadar çok az ilgi gördü. Çünkü Türkiye bu dönemde Osmanlı mirasından uzaklaşıyordu. Bu dönemde Türkiye ile Etiyopya arasındaki tarihsel ilişkiler konusunda yeterli literatür bulunmamaktadır. Hem İngilizce hem de Türkçe olarak mevcut olan yetersiz kaynaklar bile esas olarak uluslararası ilişkiler, ekonomik ve insani, antropolojik ve yasal konuları ele almaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Türkiye ile Etiyopya arasındaki 1920’lerden 1991’e kadar olan tarihsel ilişkilere genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. Makale, iki ülke arasındaki tarihsel ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla benzer makaleler, araştırmalar, kitaplar, dergiler, gazeteler ve internet kaynakları değerlendirilmiş, incelenmiş ve kullanılmıştır. 1974 yılına kadar Türkiye ile Etiyopya arasındaki ilişkiler dostane idi. Addis Ababa (1926) ve Ankara’da (1933) büyükelçiliklerin açılması bu dostane ilişkiyi göstermiştir. 1974 ile 1991 arasındaki ilişkiler iyi değildi. Üstelik, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri, hükümet değişmesi ve küresel fenomenlerle değiştirdi.

References

  • Abdu M. 2012, Etiyopya-Türkiye İlişkileri: Karşılıklı Şüphe ve Anlaşmazlıktan Karşılıklı Anlayış ve İşbirli¬ğine. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara.
  • Ataman M. 2002, “Leadership Change: Özal Leadership and Restructuring in Turkish Foreign Policy”. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 1/1, 120-153.
  • Baer G. W. 1976, Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia and the League of Nations. Hoover.
  • Barlas D. 1998, Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey: Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncer¬tain World 1929-1939. Leiden.
  • Barlas D. 2004, “Friends or Foes? Diplomatic Relations Between Italy and Turkey 1923-36”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 36/2, 231-252.
  • Bein A. 2017, Kemalist Turkey and the Middle East. Cambridge.
  • Hazar N. 2011, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Afrika ve Türkiye-Afrika İlişkileri. Ankara.
  • Henze P. B. 2000, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. New York.
  • İpek V. & Biltekin G. 2013, “Turkey’s Foreign Policy Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Post-In¬ternational Approach”. New Perspect Turk 49, 121-156.
  • Jara N. 2015, Revitalization of Ethiopia-Turkey Relations in the Era of Globalization (2002-2015). Un¬published Master Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Addis Ababa.
  • Kavas A. 2015, Osmanlı-Afrika İlişkileri. Ankara.
  • Kayiş Y. 2020, “Türk Karikatüründe İtalya’nın Habeşistan’ı İşgali”.UİD/JIRD 3/1, 1-23.
  • Kent M. (Ed.) 2005, The Great Powers and the end of the Ottoman Empire. London.
  • Kienitz O. 2016, “The Emerging Storm: Sir Percy Loraine and Anglo-Turkish Rapprochement, 1934-1935”. Penn History Review 23/2, 87-114.
  • Levine L. 2006, Frommer’s Turkey. New Jersey.
  • Lewis B. 1995, The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York.
  • Mazower M. 2009, No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Na¬tions. New Jersey.
  • Morewood S. 2016, “This Silly African Business: The Military Dimension of Britain’s Response to the Ab¬yssinian Crisis”. Ed. G. B. Strang, Collision of Empires: Italy’s Invasion of Ethiopia and its Interna¬tional Impact. London, 73-98.
  • Nizamoğlu Y. 2011, “İtalya-Habeşistan Savaşı, Vehip Paşa ve Türkiye”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2, 270-289.
  • Orhonlu C. 1996, Osmanlı İmparatorluğun̓un Güney Siyaseti Habeş Eyaleti. Ankara.
  • Osmond T. 2016, “Turks in Ethiopia/Ethiopians in Turkey. Transregional Circularities and South/South Bilateral Development in Globalization”. Annales d’Éthiopie 31, 245-267.
  • Özkan M. 2010, “What drives Turkey’s involvement in Africa?”. Review of African Political Economy 37/126, 533-540.
  • Potter P. B. 1936, “The Wal Wal Arbitration”. American Journal of International Law 30/1, 27-44.
  • Sbacchi A. 1976, “The Italians and the Italo-Ethiopian War 1935-1936”. Transafrican Journal of History 5/2, 123-138.
  • Sevimli Ş. 2011, “Yurtta Sulh Cihanda Sulh” İfadesinin Öğrenme Kuramı ve Etik İlkeler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi”. Eds. Z. Dilek, M. Akbulut, Z. Arda, Z. Cemil, Z. B. Özer & R. Gürses, 38. Uluslara¬rası Asya ve Kuzey Afrika Çalışmaları Kongresi Bildirileri (ICANAS). Ankara, 1227-1238.
  • Şimşir B. 2001, Atatürk ve Yabancı Devlet Başkanları. Ankara.
  • Steer G. L. 1936, Caesar in Abyssinia. London.
  • Strang G. B. 2001, “Imperial Dreams: The Mussolini-Laval Accords of January 1935”. History Journal, 799-809.
  • Torumtay N. 1988, “Atatürk, Büyük Kurtarıcı ve Modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Kurucusu”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 4/11, 233-258.
  • Zewde B. 2001, A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855-1991. Ohio.
  • Zimmern A. 1936, The League of Nations and the Rule of Law 1918-1935. London.
  • African Expansion Policy of Turkey, see https://www.bisav.org.tr/ara-ma.aspx/Bulten/202/1227/turkiye_ nin_afrika_ya_acilim_politikasi (retrieved 10.09.2020).
  • Teferi Mekonnen the later Emperor Haile Selassie coronation took place in Addis Ababa, see https://www.derekbishton.com/the-coronation-of-his-imperial-majesty-haile-selas¬sie/ (retrieved 18.10.2020).
  • Turkish media outlets and magazines criticized the Italian war conquest, for more detail, see https://turk-ishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_ing_ozet&makale_id=18077 (retrieved 10.11.2020)
  • For the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936) see, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-his¬tory/second-italo-abyssinian-war-1935-1936/ (retrieved 19/11/2020).).
  • For lists of Turkish ambassadors to Ethiopia, see http://addisaba-ba.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/Mission ChiefHistory (retrieved 03/12/2020).

Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991)

Year 2021, Volume: 9, 473 - 483, 29.06.2021

Abstract

Historical relations between Turkey and Ethiopia have received very little attention from the 1920’s to 1991, because Turkey was moving away from its Ottoman heritage in this period. During this period, there is not enough literature on historical relations between Turkey and Ethiopia. Even the insufficient resources available in both English and Turkish mainly address international relations, economic and humanitarian, anthropological and legal issues. Therefore, this study offers an overview of the historical relations between Turkey and Ethiopia from the 1920’s to 1991, seeking to explore the historical relations between the two countries. For this purpose, similar articles, researches, books, magazines, newspapers and internet sources were evaluated, examined and used. Until 1974 the relations between Turkey and Ethiopia were friendly. The opening of embassies in Addis Ababa (1926) and Ankara (1933) demonstrated this friendly relationship. Relations between 1974 and 1991 were not good. Moreover, rela-tions between the two countries have changed with government changes and global events.

References

  • Abdu M. 2012, Etiyopya-Türkiye İlişkileri: Karşılıklı Şüphe ve Anlaşmazlıktan Karşılıklı Anlayış ve İşbirli¬ğine. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara.
  • Ataman M. 2002, “Leadership Change: Özal Leadership and Restructuring in Turkish Foreign Policy”. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 1/1, 120-153.
  • Baer G. W. 1976, Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia and the League of Nations. Hoover.
  • Barlas D. 1998, Etatism and Diplomacy in Turkey: Economic and Foreign Policy Strategies in an Uncer¬tain World 1929-1939. Leiden.
  • Barlas D. 2004, “Friends or Foes? Diplomatic Relations Between Italy and Turkey 1923-36”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 36/2, 231-252.
  • Bein A. 2017, Kemalist Turkey and the Middle East. Cambridge.
  • Hazar N. 2011, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Afrika ve Türkiye-Afrika İlişkileri. Ankara.
  • Henze P. B. 2000, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. New York.
  • İpek V. & Biltekin G. 2013, “Turkey’s Foreign Policy Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Post-In¬ternational Approach”. New Perspect Turk 49, 121-156.
  • Jara N. 2015, Revitalization of Ethiopia-Turkey Relations in the Era of Globalization (2002-2015). Un¬published Master Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Addis Ababa.
  • Kavas A. 2015, Osmanlı-Afrika İlişkileri. Ankara.
  • Kayiş Y. 2020, “Türk Karikatüründe İtalya’nın Habeşistan’ı İşgali”.UİD/JIRD 3/1, 1-23.
  • Kent M. (Ed.) 2005, The Great Powers and the end of the Ottoman Empire. London.
  • Kienitz O. 2016, “The Emerging Storm: Sir Percy Loraine and Anglo-Turkish Rapprochement, 1934-1935”. Penn History Review 23/2, 87-114.
  • Levine L. 2006, Frommer’s Turkey. New Jersey.
  • Lewis B. 1995, The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York.
  • Mazower M. 2009, No Enchanted Palace: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Na¬tions. New Jersey.
  • Morewood S. 2016, “This Silly African Business: The Military Dimension of Britain’s Response to the Ab¬yssinian Crisis”. Ed. G. B. Strang, Collision of Empires: Italy’s Invasion of Ethiopia and its Interna¬tional Impact. London, 73-98.
  • Nizamoğlu Y. 2011, “İtalya-Habeşistan Savaşı, Vehip Paşa ve Türkiye”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2, 270-289.
  • Orhonlu C. 1996, Osmanlı İmparatorluğun̓un Güney Siyaseti Habeş Eyaleti. Ankara.
  • Osmond T. 2016, “Turks in Ethiopia/Ethiopians in Turkey. Transregional Circularities and South/South Bilateral Development in Globalization”. Annales d’Éthiopie 31, 245-267.
  • Özkan M. 2010, “What drives Turkey’s involvement in Africa?”. Review of African Political Economy 37/126, 533-540.
  • Potter P. B. 1936, “The Wal Wal Arbitration”. American Journal of International Law 30/1, 27-44.
  • Sbacchi A. 1976, “The Italians and the Italo-Ethiopian War 1935-1936”. Transafrican Journal of History 5/2, 123-138.
  • Sevimli Ş. 2011, “Yurtta Sulh Cihanda Sulh” İfadesinin Öğrenme Kuramı ve Etik İlkeler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi”. Eds. Z. Dilek, M. Akbulut, Z. Arda, Z. Cemil, Z. B. Özer & R. Gürses, 38. Uluslara¬rası Asya ve Kuzey Afrika Çalışmaları Kongresi Bildirileri (ICANAS). Ankara, 1227-1238.
  • Şimşir B. 2001, Atatürk ve Yabancı Devlet Başkanları. Ankara.
  • Steer G. L. 1936, Caesar in Abyssinia. London.
  • Strang G. B. 2001, “Imperial Dreams: The Mussolini-Laval Accords of January 1935”. History Journal, 799-809.
  • Torumtay N. 1988, “Atatürk, Büyük Kurtarıcı ve Modern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Kurucusu”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 4/11, 233-258.
  • Zewde B. 2001, A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855-1991. Ohio.
  • Zimmern A. 1936, The League of Nations and the Rule of Law 1918-1935. London.
  • African Expansion Policy of Turkey, see https://www.bisav.org.tr/ara-ma.aspx/Bulten/202/1227/turkiye_ nin_afrika_ya_acilim_politikasi (retrieved 10.09.2020).
  • Teferi Mekonnen the later Emperor Haile Selassie coronation took place in Addis Ababa, see https://www.derekbishton.com/the-coronation-of-his-imperial-majesty-haile-selas¬sie/ (retrieved 18.10.2020).
  • Turkish media outlets and magazines criticized the Italian war conquest, for more detail, see https://turk-ishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_ing_ozet&makale_id=18077 (retrieved 10.11.2020)
  • For the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936) see, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-his¬tory/second-italo-abyssinian-war-1935-1936/ (retrieved 19/11/2020).).
  • For lists of Turkish ambassadors to Ethiopia, see http://addisaba-ba.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/Mission ChiefHistory (retrieved 03/12/2020).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Negesso Jıma 0000-0003-3712-5985

Publication Date June 29, 2021
Submission Date February 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9

Cite

APA Jıma, N. (2021). Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991). Cedrus, 9, 473-483.
AMA Jıma N. Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991). Cedrus. June 2021;9:473-483.
Chicago Jıma, Negesso. “Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991)”. Cedrus 9, June (June 2021): 473-83.
EndNote Jıma N (June 1, 2021) Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991). Cedrus 9 473–483.
IEEE N. Jıma, “Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991)”, Cedrus, vol. 9, pp. 473–483, 2021.
ISNAD Jıma, Negesso. “Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991)”. Cedrus 9 (June 2021), 473-483.
JAMA Jıma N. Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991). Cedrus. 2021;9:473–483.
MLA Jıma, Negesso. “Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991)”. Cedrus, vol. 9, 2021, pp. 473-8.
Vancouver Jıma N. Turkey and Ethiopia Relations: Historical Perspective (1920’s to 1991). Cedrus. 2021;9:473-8.

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