A Literature Review on Evidence Collection and Sample Management Processes in CBRN Incidents

Year 2026, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 139 - 171, 17.01.2026

Abdullah Özkan , Ali Uğur Sakar , Vildan Özkan , Gökhan Nur

https://doi.org/10.48138/cjo.1830192

Abstract

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) incidents are recognized as complex situations that require specialized forensic expertise due to their high-risk nature and multidimensional impact. This study reviews current practices, international guidelines and scientific findings regarding evidence collection and sample management at CBRN scenes. The literature indicates that ensuring scene safety, preventing contamination, maintaining the continuity of the chain of custody, and conducting laboratory analyses in accordance with international standards are essential for the forensic validity of the collected evidence. The effectiveness of sampling methods and levels of personal protective equipment used for biological, chemical, radiological and nuclear materials is also examined. Overall, the review highlights that institutional coordination gaps, disparities in laboratory capacity and shortages of trained personnel constitute major challenges in managing CBRN incidents. The findings emphasize the need for trained professionals, standardized procedures, integrated laboratory networks and regular exercises to establish a sustainable and effective CBRN evidence management system.

Keywords

CBRN Incidents , Evidence Collection , Sample Management , Chain of Custody

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KBRN Olaylarında Delil Toplama ve Numune Yönetimi Süreçleri Üzerine Literatür İncelemesi

Abstract

Kimyasal, Biyolojik, Radyolojik ve Nükleer (KBRN) olaylar, yüksek risk düzeyleri ve çok yönlü etkileri nedeniyle adli süreçlerde özel uzmanlık gerektiren karmaşık durumlar olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, KBRN sahalarında delil toplama ve numune yönetimine ilişkin güncel uygulamalar, uluslararası rehberler ve bilimsel çalışmalar ışığında incelenmiştir. Literatürde yer alan bulgular, olay yeri güvenliğinin sağlanması, kontaminasyonun önlenmesi, zincirleme delil güvenliğinin korunması ve laboratuvar analiz süreçlerinin uluslararası standartlara uygun yürütülmesinin adli geçerlilik açısından kritik olduğunu göstermektedir. Biyolojik, kimyasal, radyolojik ve nükleer numunelerin toplanması ve taşınmasında kullanılan yöntemler ile koruyucu ekipman seviyelerinin sahadaki etkinliği ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma genel olarak, kurumlar arası koordinasyon eksikliği, laboratuvar altyapılarındaki eşitsizlikler ve uzman personel yetersizliğinin KBRN vakalarının yönetiminde öne çıkan sorunlar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sürdürülebilir bir KBRN yönetim sistemi için eğitimli personel, standartlaştırılmış protokoller, uluslararası laboratuvar ağları ve düzenli tatbikatların gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

KBRN Olayları , Delil Toplama , Numune Yönetimi , Zincirleme Delil Güvenliği

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