Ekonomik Büyümenin Sektörel Belirleyicilerinin İş Gücü Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

İş gücü verimliliğinin en önemli göstergelerinden biri şüphesiz üretilen mal ve hizmetlerin reel değeridir. Yüksek iş gücü verimliliğine sahip ülkeler uluslararası ticarette her zaman rekabet avantajını da ellerinde tutacaklardır. Üç temel sektör olarak değerlendirilen tarım, hizmet ve sanayi sektörlerinde çalışan iş gücünün reel hâsıla üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak verimliliklerinin karşılaştırılması açısından önemli bir gösterge olabilir. Bu çalışmada 153 ülke için tarım, hizmet ve sanayi sektöründe çalışan işgücünün reel hasıla üzerindeki etkisi panel veri analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Yatay kesit bağımlılığı, birim kök, homojenite ve eşbütünleşme testlerinden sonra panel AMG (Augmented Mean Group) modeli kullanılarak tahminler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tarım sektöründe çalışanların toplam çalışanlar içindeki oranı %1 arttığında reel GSYH’nın parasal değeri %0,13 azalmaktadır. Diğer taraftan sanayi sektöründe çalışanların toplam çalışanlar içindeki oranı %1 arttığında ise reel GSYH’nın parasal değeri %0,34 artmaktadır. Hizmet sektörü için kurulan modelde ise istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sektörel istihdam
• ekonomik büyüme
• iş gücü
• panel veri analizi

Evaluation of the Sectoral Determinants of Economic Growth in terms of the Labour Force: Panel Data Analysis

Öz

One of the most important indicators of labor productivity is undoubtedly the real value of the goods and services produced. Countries with high labor productivity will always retain their competitive advantage in international trade. Investigating the effects of the labor force working in the agriculture, service and industry sectors, which are considered as three main sectors, on real output can be an important indicator in terms of comparing their productivity. In this study, the effect of labor force working in agriculture, service and industry sectors on real output for 153 countries was examined by panel data analysis. After the cross-section dependence, unit root, homogeneity and cointegration tests, predictions were made using the panel AMG (Augmented Mean Group) model. According to the results of the analysis when the ratio of the workers in the agricultural sector to the total workers increases by 1% the monetary value of real GDP decreases by 0.13%. On the other hand, when the ratio of workers in the industrial sector to total workers increases by 1%, the monetary value of real GDP increases by 0.34%. A statistically significant relationship was not determined in the model established for the service sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sectoral employment
• economic growth
• labor
• panel data analysis

Kaynakça

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