A Comparison Essay in the Context of the Management Phenomenon: Ancient Sumerian, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations

Öz

Abstract. The evolution of management ideas has been shaped by advancements spanning from ancient times to the present. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that remnants of historical methods and practices persist in contemporary management approaches. The foundation of numerous management phenomena and theories in the contemporary era has been attempted to be elucidated by drawing upon ideas and practices that may be traced back to previous epochs, including ancient times. This study utilized secondary data and employed a compilation strategy. The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the comprehension of management and society in the Sumerian, Egyptian, and Greek civilizations, which hold significant importance in ancient history. An attempt has been made to ascertain how the concept of management was developed in these three civilizations, the reasons that influenced management, and to identify and compare the key characteristics of management in each culture. The study aims to elucidate the disparities in governance and social structure among the three civilizations. The collected data have led to the conclusion that the geography of a civilization's settlement and the cultural and religious values of its society play a crucial role in shaping the system of government.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Administration
• Antiquity
• Sumer
• Egyptian
• Greek

Yönetim Olgusu Bağlamında Bir Karşılaştırma Denemesi: Eski Sümer, Mısır ve Yunan Medeniyetleri

Öz

Abstract. The evolution of management ideas has been shaped by advancements spanning from ancient times to the present. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that remnants of historical methods and practices persist in contemporary management approaches. The foundation of numerous management phenomena and theories in the contemporary era has been attempted to be elucidated by drawing upon ideas and practices that may be traced back to previous epochs, including ancient times. This study utilized secondary data and employed a compilation strategy. The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the comprehension of management and society in the Sumerian, Egyptian, and Greek civilizations, which hold significant importance in ancient history. An attempt has been made to ascertain how the concept of management was developed in these three civilizations, the reasons that influenced management, and to identify and compare the key characteristics of management in each culture. The study aims to elucidate the disparities in governance and social structure among the three civilizations. The collected data have led to the conclusion that the geography of a civilization's settlement and the cultural and religious values of its society play a crucial role in shaping the system of government.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yönetim
• Antik Çağ
• Sümer
• Mısır
• Yunan
• Administration
• Antiquity
• Sumer
• Egyptian
• Greek

Kaynakça

1. Referans 1. Akrep, M. (2017). Temple economy in sumerian economy. Blue Atlas, 458-473.
2. Referans 2. Aksoy, E. G. (2020). The formation and evolution of european identity. Mustafa Kemal University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 26-39.
3. Referans 3. Aktüre, S. (2018). Anatolian cities in the period of great empires. Istanbul: 1 Edition History Foundation Yurt Publications.
4. Referans 4. Altuncu, A. (2011). Religion and history of sumerians: Institute of Social Sciences, Unpublished Master's Thesis. Elazığ.
5. Referans 5. Aristotle. (2016). Oikonomika general evaluation on the concept of ancient economy in the particular of aristotle, translated by tamer, b. Istanbul: Kabalcı Publishing.
6. Referans 6. Ateş, H., & Ünal, S. (2004). The birthplace of the state: administrative life in the ancient middle east. Bilgi Social Sciences Journal. 21-42.
7. Referans 7. Başar, G., & Yıldız, E. (2019). The modern world and contemporary painting from prehistory to the present. Ulakbilge Social Sciences Journal, 811-824.
8. Referans 8. Bilhan, S. (1984). A historical approach to asian philosophy of education. Ankara University Faculty of Education Journal, 303-339.

9. Referans 9. Candur, H. (2019). Agora in ancient times. Institute of Social Sciences, Master's Thesis, 39-40.
10. Referans 10. Çevikbaş, R. (2014). Bureaucracy theory and administrative function. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 75-102.
11. Referans 11. Avalanche, M. (1993). Journey to sumer with a time tunnel. Ankara: Directorate of Culture Publications.
12. Referans 12. Çivgın, İ. (2015). The effects of trade networks in the period of the old kingdom of egypt (2700-2200 bc) on the egyptian civilization and the nationalization of nibye/sudan. TAD, 371-424.
13. Referans 13. Demirkaya, H. (2006). Human resources department organization. Kocaeli University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 1-21.
14. Referans 14. Desplancques, S. (2006). Ancient egypt. Ankara: Dost Bookstore .
15. Referans 15. Dönmez, O. O. (2019). Medical practices in egyptian civilization. Institute of Social Sciences Master's Thesis, Denizli, 6.
16. Referans 16. Durmuş, I. (2018). Origin and culture of the sumerians. Academic Journal of History and Thought, 177-200. Referans 17. Düvenci, S. (2018). The emergence of the state in mesopotamia according to the theory of force and struggle. International Academy of Management Journal, 106-107.
17. Referans 18. Eser, E. (2014). Religion-politics relationship in the ancient near east: Institute of Social Sciences, Master's Thesis, Denizli. 5-6.
18. Referans 19. History of Philosophy. (2020, march 22). mustafaşeker.com: Retrieved from https://xn--mustafaeker-xgc.com.tr/antik-misir'da-ordu-yapisi.html
19. Referans 20. Gözlü, A. (2018). Social groups and political structure in the ancient greek dark ages (XI-VII Centuries BC). Manisa Gelal Bayar University, Journal of Social Sciences, 226-244.
20. Referans 21. Günay, E. (2015). Ancient economies and the characteristics of economic thoughts in ancient times under the influence of tradition and polytheistic states. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 46-64.
21. Referans 22. Guzel, E. (2017). Reflections of the religious administration strategy in the ptolemaic dynasty in ancient egyptian history. International Journal of Social Science from Asia to Europe, 27-36.
22. Referans 23. Huseynova, G. (2019). A brief study on art and music culture in the period of ancient egyptian kings. The Journal of Social Science, 122-135.
23. Referans 24. İmamoğlu, G., & Koca, F. (2018). Comments on figures related to boxing, wrestling and skirting in ancient egypt. International Journal of Social Research, 554-559.
24. Referans 25. Kaplan, Y. (2018). Date 1. Republic of turkey ministry of national education. Directorate of Lifelong Learning. Ankara: Open Education Department.
25. Referans 26. Kızıl, C., & Kocur, K. (2017). Accounting in ancient times and religions' perspective on accounting. Kesit Akademi Journal, 327-339.
26. Referans 27. Koçak, A. (2016). The imagination of eastern and western civilization in sezai karakoç's intellectual writings. Rumelia Journal of Language and Literature Research, 51-63.
27. Referans 28. Kuhrt, A. (2009). Near east in ancient times. Istanbul: İş Bankası Cultural Publications.
28. Referans 29. Landsberger, B. (1943). Sumerians translated by: tosun, m.o. Ankara University Faculty of Languages and History and Geography Journal, 1(5), 695-702.
29. Referans 30. Mazi, F. (2008). Reflection of thought on urban space in ancient times. Mustafa Kemal University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 33-48.
30. Referans 31. Memiş, E. (2008). History of ancient civilizations. Bursa: Ekim Press Release.
31. Referans 32. Metin, H., & Lamba, M. (2016). Administrative structure in anatolian civilizations from the hittites to the roman empire. International Journal of Management, Economics and Business, 161-163.
32. Referans 33. Mimir Turkish Encyclopedia. (2020, October 22). mimirboobk.com: Retrieved from https://mimirbook.com/tr/7f44117f1a4
33. Referans 34. Ökte, M. (2008). Economic thought in ancient times. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 39-40.
34. Referans 35. Sanemoğlu, O. (2016). The concept of man and society in ancient greek political thought. Plato and Aristotle. Human & Human, 42-63.
35. Referans 36. Savaş, V. (2000). History of economics. Ankara: Siyasal Kitap Evi.
36. Referans 37. Sevinç, H. (2014). Social developments, political and religious transformation in greek contemporary civilizations. International Journal of Social Research, 232-251.
37. Referans 38. Sirkeci, O., & Abdulla, M. (2015). Tax practices in middle eastern civilizations. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1239-1252.
38. Referans 39. Historical Science. (2017, November 4). Tarihbilim.gen.tr: Retrieved from https://www.tarihbilimi.gen.tr/sumerler/#Sumerlerde-Ordu-Teskilati
39. Referans 40. Taş, S., & Günay, E. (2015). Characteristics of societies in ancient times, traditional statuses and institutions determining the economic structure. Journal of Social Sciences, Sütçü İmam University, 141-166.
40. Referans 41. Valbelle, D. (1992). Life in ancient egypt. Istanbul: İletişim Publications.
41. Referans 42. Wilkinson, T. (2013). Ancient egypt: the history of a civilization from 3000 bc to cleopatra. Istanbul: Say Publications.