Öz

This study examines energy efficiency in 42 European and Central Asian countries over the period 2011–2022, categorized as high-income and upper-middle-income according to the World Bank classification. The model incorporates capital, labor, primary energy, and electricity consumption as inputs, nominal GDP as the desired output, and CO₂ emissions as the undesirable output. The results indicate that while energy consumption has declined in high-income countries, it has increased in upper-middle-income ones. High-income economies are more efficient in terms of energy and emissions intensity, with an average inefficiency of 3.1%, compared to 5% in upper-middle-income countries. These findings highlight the income-related differences in energy efficiency policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy Efficiency
• Production Function
• DEA Analysis
• Primary Energy
• Electricity

Avrupa ve Orta Asya Ülkelerinde Enerji Verimliliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile Değerlendirilmesi: Gelir Grupları, Yapısal Değişim ve CO2 Emisyon Yoğunluğu Üzerine Bir Analiz (2011-2022)

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2011–2022 döneminde 42 Avrupa ve Orta Asya ülkesinde enerji verimliliğini incelemekte olup, ülkeler Dünya Bankası sınıflamasına göre yüksek gelirli ve üst orta gelirli olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Modelde sermaye, işgücü, birincil enerji ve elektrik tüketimi girdi; nominal GSYH arzu edilen çıktı; CO₂ emisyonları ise arzu edilmeyen çıktı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, yüksek gelirli ülkelerde enerji tüketiminin azalırken, üst orta gelirli ülkelerde arttığını göstermektedir. Enerji ve emisyon yoğunluğu açısından yüksek gelirli ülkeler daha verimli olup, ortalama verimsizlik oranı %3,1 iken üst orta gelirli ülkelerde bu oran %5’tir. Bu sonuçlar, enerji verimliliği politikalarının gelir düzeyine bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji verimliliği
• Üretim Fonksiyonu
• Veri Zarflama Analizi
• Birincil Enerji Kullanımı
• Elektrik Kullanımı

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