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Roma Dönemi Yüzük Taşları Üzerinde Tanrıça Ma Betimlemeleri ve Yayımlanmış Bazı Eserlerdeki Ma İkonografisi İçin Yeni Öneri ve Değerlendirmeler

Year 2018, Issue: 17, 71 - 89, 01.06.2018

Melih Arslan

https://izlik.org/JA63LN58KZ

Abstract

Bu yayınımızın konusunu Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi teşhirinde bulunan 4 adet, Erimtan Arkeoloji ve Sanat Müzesi koleksiyonunda 4 adet ve Ankara’da Mehmet Durmaz koleksiyonunda 1 adet olmak üzere Ma betimli 9 adet yüzük taşı oluşturmaktadır. Tanrıça Ma, 2. binden itibaren Anadolu topraklarında tapınım gören yerel bir tanrıçadır. Tanrıçanın Anadolu’daki başlıca tapınım merkezleri Şar Köyü’ne Tufanbeyli, Adana lokalize edilen Kappadokia Komana’sı ile Gümenek Mevkii’nde Tokat bulunan Komana Pontika’dır. Tanrıça Ma’nın betimlendiği az sayıda eser günümüze kalabil

Keywords

Yüzük Taşları Ma Enyo Komana Kappadokia Komana Pontika

References

  • Cass Dio. (= Cassius Dio, Rhomaika). Roman History. With an English translation by E. Carry I-IX. London 1914-1927 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • Plinius, NH Plinius, Naturalis Historia.
  • Plut. (=Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi). Sull. (= Sulla). Plutarch’s Lives. With an English translation by B. Perrin I-XI. London, New York 1959 (The Loeb Classical Library). Strabo.
  • Alföldi, A. 1976 “Redeunt Saturnia regna. V: Zum Gottesgnadentum des Sulla”, Chiron 6, 143-158.
  • Amandry, M. - Rémy, B. 1999 Comana du Pont sous l’Empire romain. Étude historique et corpus monétaire, Glaux 14, Milano.
  • Amandry, M. – Burnett, A. et al. (RPC III) 2015 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol. III, Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (AD 96-138), Part I: Catalogue, London – Paris.
  • Arslan, M. 1998 “Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde Bulunan Pontus Krallığı’na ve Pontus Kentlerine Ait Roma Devri Sikkeleri”, Arkeoloji Dergisi V, İzmir: 63-109.
  • Arslan, M. 2007 Mithradates VI Eupator Roma’nın Büyük Düşmanı, İstanbul.
  • Aytaş, M. 2002 “A Priest of the Goddess Ma at Komana (An Inscription in the Aksaray Museum)”, EA 34, 23–27.
  • Bingöl, I. F. R. 1999 Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi ANTİK TAKILAR, Ankara.
  • BMC Pontus 1889 A Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia and The Kingdom of Bosporos. By. W. Wroth, London.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC I) 1992 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC Supplement I) 1998 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris ( 2. baskı 1998).
  • Brown, G. H. 1967 “Prehistoric Pottery from the Antitaurus”, AnatSt 17, 123-164.
  • Casabonne, O. 2009 “Kataonia, Melitene, Kummanni and the Problem of Komana”, Acta Orientalia Belgica, XXII, 181-188.
  • Cumont, F. 1929 Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, Paris.
  • Çapar, Ö. 1995 “Yerli Bir Anadolu Tanrıçası: Ma”, DTCFD XXXVII(1-2), 583-598.
  • Dalaison J. 2015 Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. France 7, Département des Monnais, Médailles et Antiques. Paphlagonie, Pont, Arménie Mineore, Bordeaux.
  • Davis, N. - Kraay, C. M. 1980 The Hellenistic Kingdoms. Portrait Coins and History, London.
  • Debourd, P. 2005 “La Déese Ma et les Hirondelles blanches”, Revue des Études Grecques 118 (1), 15-30.
  • Erhat, A. 1972 Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Remzi Kitapevi, İstanbul.
  • Erzen, A. - Başaran, S. 1993 “1991 Yılı Enez (Ainos) Kazıları”, KST 14(2), 205-221.
  • Franke, P.R.-Nolle, M.K. 1997 Die Homonoia Münzen Kleinasiens und der thrakischen Randgebiete, I Katalog, Saarbrücken.
  • Harper, R. 1968 “Tituli Comanorum Cappadocia”, AnatSt 18, 93-147.
  • Harper, R. - Bayburtluoğlu, İ. 1968 “Preliminary Report on Excavations at Sar, Comana Cappadociae, in 1967”, AnatSt 18, 149-158.
  • Hartmann, A. 1928 “Ma”, RE 14(1), 77-91.
  • Head, B. V. 1977 Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, London.
  • Henig, M. 1978 A Corpus of Roman Engraved Gemstones from British Sites. British Archaeological Reports British Series 8, Oxford.
  • Gasparro, G. S. 1985 Soteriology and Mystic Aspects in the Cult of Cybele and Attis, Leiden.
  • Girginer, K. S. 2005 “Kizzuwatna Araştırmaları Projesi: 2002 Yılı Adana ve Çevresi Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırmaları ve Kummanni-Comana İlişkileri”, (Ed.) A. Süel, V. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, Ankara, 377-404.
  • Ivantchik, A. I. 2004 “Dedication to the Goddess Ma from Olbia (IOlb 74)”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 10, 1-14.
  • Karatağ, M. 2013 Klasik Arkeoloji Sözlüğü Yunan-Roma, Ankara.
  • Kienast, D. 1964 “Die Homonoiaverträge in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, JNG 14: 51-64.
  • Kienast, D. 1995 “Zu den Homonoia-Vereinbarungen in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, ZPE 109: 267-282.
  • Klose, D.O.A. 1987 Die Münzprägung von Smyrna in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Berlin.
  • Konuk, K. - Arslan, M. 2000 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings from Asia Minor. The Yüksel Erimtan Collection, Ankara.
  • Kümmel, H. M. 1983 “Kummanni”, (Ed.) D. Otto Edzard, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 6. Berlin, 335-336.
  • Loretz, O., et al (eds) 2013 “Ritual, Religion and Reason”, Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella, Münster.
  • Magie, D. 1950 Roman Rule in Asia Minor, New Jersey.
  • Mentesidou, E. T. 2015 “Komana: A New Find from Hamamtepe and a Preliminary Study on Sanctuary’s Cults”, (Ed.) Erciyas, D. B., Tatbul, M. N., Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi, 209-226.
  • Michel, S. 2001 Bunte Steine – Dunkle Bilder: “Magische Gemmen”, München.
  • Moga, I. 2010 “Le Culte Indigene de la Bellone Micrasiatique”, Classica et Christiana 5/2, 369-393.
  • Morkholm, O. 1991 Early Hellenistik Coinage, Cambridge.
  • Mutlu, S. 2016 “Tanrıça Ma (Mᾶ) ve Kappadokia Komana’sı”, Phaselis II, 311-322.
  • Özen, S. - Işık, C. 2017 “Eleuthera aus Kaunos”, (Eds.) Doyran, M., Özen-Kleine, B., Çörtük, U., Özen, S., Uluslararası “Anadolu’da Demeter ve Diğer Ana Tanrıça Kültleri” Sempozyumu, 85-102.
  • Öztürk-Dönmez, F. 2006 Roma Çağı Küçükasya Kentleri Arasında Homonoia Anlaşmaları, İstanbul.
  • Popko, M. 1995 Religions of Asia Minor, Warsaw.
  • Price, M. J. - Trell, B. L. 1977 Coins and their Cities. Architecture on the ancient coins of Greece, Rome, and Palestine, London.
  • Proeva, N. 1983 “La déese cappadocienne Mâ et son culte en Macédoine d’après une plaque en bronze de Pretor, au Musée de Resen”, Ziva Antika 33(2), 165-183.
  • Proeva, N. 1992 “Ma”, LIMC, VI.2, 169-170.
  • Schröder, B. - Schrader, H. - Kolbe, W. 1904 “Die Arbeiten zu Pergamon 1902-1903: Die Inschriften”, AM 29, 152-178.
  • Seyrig, H. 1970 “Une Déese Anatolienne”, Antike Kunst 13, 76-78.
  • Spier, J. 1992 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings at The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu.
  • Sökmen, E. 2009 “Characteristic of the Temple States in Pontus”, Mithradates VI and Pontic Kingdom, (Ed.) J. M. Hojte, Aarhus, 277-287.
  • Stumpf, B. R. 1991 Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der Römischen Statthalter in Kleinasien. Saarbrücken.
  • Waddington, W. H. 1883 “Inscriptions de la Cataonie”, BCH VII, 125-148.
  • Waddington, W. H – Babelon, E. – Reinach, Th. 1904 Recueil général des monnaies grecques et romaines de l’Asie Mineure. Paris.

Year 2018, Issue: 17, 71 - 89, 01.06.2018

Melih Arslan

https://izlik.org/JA63LN58KZ

Abstract

This publication concerns four gems on display in Ankara at the Anatolian Civilizations Museum, four gems in the collection of the Erimtan Archaeology and Art Museum and one gem in Mehmet Durmaz’s private collection which contain depictions of the goddess Ma. Ma is a regional goddess who had been worshiped in Anatolia since the 2nd millennium bc. The main cult centers for Ma in Anatolia were Cappadocian Comana which is located at Şar village-Tufanbeyli, Adana , and Comana Pontica at Gümenek village Tokat . Few artifacts depicting Ma remain today. In Anatolia, the goddess is depicted on coins minted at Comana Pontica, shown with her club, shield, and a radial crown; her most distinctive attribute. Because she is depicted on only a small amount of archaeological material, the description of the goddess is unfamiliar. The figures depicted on the nine gems in this study consistently display the goddess’s iconography and identify these figures as Ma. The appearance of this mysterious and little-known goddess of Anatolia on Anatolian gems is documented here for the first time.

Keywords

Roman Gems Ma Enyo Comana Cappadocia Comana Pontika

References

  • Cass Dio. (= Cassius Dio, Rhomaika). Roman History. With an English translation by E. Carry I-IX. London 1914-1927 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • Plinius, NH Plinius, Naturalis Historia.
  • Plut. (=Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi). Sull. (= Sulla). Plutarch’s Lives. With an English translation by B. Perrin I-XI. London, New York 1959 (The Loeb Classical Library). Strabo.
  • Alföldi, A. 1976 “Redeunt Saturnia regna. V: Zum Gottesgnadentum des Sulla”, Chiron 6, 143-158.
  • Amandry, M. - Rémy, B. 1999 Comana du Pont sous l’Empire romain. Étude historique et corpus monétaire, Glaux 14, Milano.
  • Amandry, M. – Burnett, A. et al. (RPC III) 2015 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol. III, Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (AD 96-138), Part I: Catalogue, London – Paris.
  • Arslan, M. 1998 “Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde Bulunan Pontus Krallığı’na ve Pontus Kentlerine Ait Roma Devri Sikkeleri”, Arkeoloji Dergisi V, İzmir: 63-109.
  • Arslan, M. 2007 Mithradates VI Eupator Roma’nın Büyük Düşmanı, İstanbul.
  • Aytaş, M. 2002 “A Priest of the Goddess Ma at Komana (An Inscription in the Aksaray Museum)”, EA 34, 23–27.
  • Bingöl, I. F. R. 1999 Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi ANTİK TAKILAR, Ankara.
  • BMC Pontus 1889 A Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia and The Kingdom of Bosporos. By. W. Wroth, London.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC I) 1992 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC Supplement I) 1998 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris ( 2. baskı 1998).
  • Brown, G. H. 1967 “Prehistoric Pottery from the Antitaurus”, AnatSt 17, 123-164.
  • Casabonne, O. 2009 “Kataonia, Melitene, Kummanni and the Problem of Komana”, Acta Orientalia Belgica, XXII, 181-188.
  • Cumont, F. 1929 Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, Paris.
  • Çapar, Ö. 1995 “Yerli Bir Anadolu Tanrıçası: Ma”, DTCFD XXXVII(1-2), 583-598.
  • Dalaison J. 2015 Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. France 7, Département des Monnais, Médailles et Antiques. Paphlagonie, Pont, Arménie Mineore, Bordeaux.
  • Davis, N. - Kraay, C. M. 1980 The Hellenistic Kingdoms. Portrait Coins and History, London.
  • Debourd, P. 2005 “La Déese Ma et les Hirondelles blanches”, Revue des Études Grecques 118 (1), 15-30.
  • Erhat, A. 1972 Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Remzi Kitapevi, İstanbul.
  • Erzen, A. - Başaran, S. 1993 “1991 Yılı Enez (Ainos) Kazıları”, KST 14(2), 205-221.
  • Franke, P.R.-Nolle, M.K. 1997 Die Homonoia Münzen Kleinasiens und der thrakischen Randgebiete, I Katalog, Saarbrücken.
  • Harper, R. 1968 “Tituli Comanorum Cappadocia”, AnatSt 18, 93-147.
  • Harper, R. - Bayburtluoğlu, İ. 1968 “Preliminary Report on Excavations at Sar, Comana Cappadociae, in 1967”, AnatSt 18, 149-158.
  • Hartmann, A. 1928 “Ma”, RE 14(1), 77-91.
  • Head, B. V. 1977 Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, London.
  • Henig, M. 1978 A Corpus of Roman Engraved Gemstones from British Sites. British Archaeological Reports British Series 8, Oxford.
  • Gasparro, G. S. 1985 Soteriology and Mystic Aspects in the Cult of Cybele and Attis, Leiden.
  • Girginer, K. S. 2005 “Kizzuwatna Araştırmaları Projesi: 2002 Yılı Adana ve Çevresi Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırmaları ve Kummanni-Comana İlişkileri”, (Ed.) A. Süel, V. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, Ankara, 377-404.
  • Ivantchik, A. I. 2004 “Dedication to the Goddess Ma from Olbia (IOlb 74)”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 10, 1-14.
  • Karatağ, M. 2013 Klasik Arkeoloji Sözlüğü Yunan-Roma, Ankara.
  • Kienast, D. 1964 “Die Homonoiaverträge in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, JNG 14: 51-64.
  • Kienast, D. 1995 “Zu den Homonoia-Vereinbarungen in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, ZPE 109: 267-282.
  • Klose, D.O.A. 1987 Die Münzprägung von Smyrna in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Berlin.
  • Konuk, K. - Arslan, M. 2000 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings from Asia Minor. The Yüksel Erimtan Collection, Ankara.
  • Kümmel, H. M. 1983 “Kummanni”, (Ed.) D. Otto Edzard, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 6. Berlin, 335-336.
  • Loretz, O., et al (eds) 2013 “Ritual, Religion and Reason”, Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella, Münster.
  • Magie, D. 1950 Roman Rule in Asia Minor, New Jersey.
  • Mentesidou, E. T. 2015 “Komana: A New Find from Hamamtepe and a Preliminary Study on Sanctuary’s Cults”, (Ed.) Erciyas, D. B., Tatbul, M. N., Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi, 209-226.
  • Michel, S. 2001 Bunte Steine – Dunkle Bilder: “Magische Gemmen”, München.
  • Moga, I. 2010 “Le Culte Indigene de la Bellone Micrasiatique”, Classica et Christiana 5/2, 369-393.
  • Morkholm, O. 1991 Early Hellenistik Coinage, Cambridge.
  • Mutlu, S. 2016 “Tanrıça Ma (Mᾶ) ve Kappadokia Komana’sı”, Phaselis II, 311-322.
  • Özen, S. - Işık, C. 2017 “Eleuthera aus Kaunos”, (Eds.) Doyran, M., Özen-Kleine, B., Çörtük, U., Özen, S., Uluslararası “Anadolu’da Demeter ve Diğer Ana Tanrıça Kültleri” Sempozyumu, 85-102.
  • Öztürk-Dönmez, F. 2006 Roma Çağı Küçükasya Kentleri Arasında Homonoia Anlaşmaları, İstanbul.
  • Popko, M. 1995 Religions of Asia Minor, Warsaw.
  • Price, M. J. - Trell, B. L. 1977 Coins and their Cities. Architecture on the ancient coins of Greece, Rome, and Palestine, London.
  • Proeva, N. 1983 “La déese cappadocienne Mâ et son culte en Macédoine d’après une plaque en bronze de Pretor, au Musée de Resen”, Ziva Antika 33(2), 165-183.
  • Proeva, N. 1992 “Ma”, LIMC, VI.2, 169-170.
  • Schröder, B. - Schrader, H. - Kolbe, W. 1904 “Die Arbeiten zu Pergamon 1902-1903: Die Inschriften”, AM 29, 152-178.
  • Seyrig, H. 1970 “Une Déese Anatolienne”, Antike Kunst 13, 76-78.
  • Spier, J. 1992 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings at The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu.
  • Sökmen, E. 2009 “Characteristic of the Temple States in Pontus”, Mithradates VI and Pontic Kingdom, (Ed.) J. M. Hojte, Aarhus, 277-287.
  • Stumpf, B. R. 1991 Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der Römischen Statthalter in Kleinasien. Saarbrücken.
  • Waddington, W. H. 1883 “Inscriptions de la Cataonie”, BCH VII, 125-148.
  • Waddington, W. H – Babelon, E. – Reinach, Th. 1904 Recueil général des monnaies grecques et romaines de l’Asie Mineure. Paris.

Year 2018, Issue: 17, 71 - 89, 01.06.2018

Melih Arslan

https://izlik.org/JA63LN58KZ

Abstract

References

  • Cass Dio. (= Cassius Dio, Rhomaika). Roman History. With an English translation by E. Carry I-IX. London 1914-1927 (The Loeb Classical Library).
  • Plinius, NH Plinius, Naturalis Historia.
  • Plut. (=Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi). Sull. (= Sulla). Plutarch’s Lives. With an English translation by B. Perrin I-XI. London, New York 1959 (The Loeb Classical Library). Strabo.
  • Alföldi, A. 1976 “Redeunt Saturnia regna. V: Zum Gottesgnadentum des Sulla”, Chiron 6, 143-158.
  • Amandry, M. - Rémy, B. 1999 Comana du Pont sous l’Empire romain. Étude historique et corpus monétaire, Glaux 14, Milano.
  • Amandry, M. – Burnett, A. et al. (RPC III) 2015 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol. III, Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian (AD 96-138), Part I: Catalogue, London – Paris.
  • Arslan, M. 1998 “Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde Bulunan Pontus Krallığı’na ve Pontus Kentlerine Ait Roma Devri Sikkeleri”, Arkeoloji Dergisi V, İzmir: 63-109.
  • Arslan, M. 2007 Mithradates VI Eupator Roma’nın Büyük Düşmanı, İstanbul.
  • Aytaş, M. 2002 “A Priest of the Goddess Ma at Komana (An Inscription in the Aksaray Museum)”, EA 34, 23–27.
  • Bingöl, I. F. R. 1999 Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi ANTİK TAKILAR, Ankara.
  • BMC Pontus 1889 A Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia and The Kingdom of Bosporos. By. W. Wroth, London.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC I) 1992 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris.
  • Burnett, A. – Amandry M. – Ripolles R. P. (RPC Supplement I) 1998 Roman Provincial Coinage, Vol I, Part. 1-2, London – Paris ( 2. baskı 1998).
  • Brown, G. H. 1967 “Prehistoric Pottery from the Antitaurus”, AnatSt 17, 123-164.
  • Casabonne, O. 2009 “Kataonia, Melitene, Kummanni and the Problem of Komana”, Acta Orientalia Belgica, XXII, 181-188.
  • Cumont, F. 1929 Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, Paris.
  • Çapar, Ö. 1995 “Yerli Bir Anadolu Tanrıçası: Ma”, DTCFD XXXVII(1-2), 583-598.
  • Dalaison J. 2015 Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. France 7, Département des Monnais, Médailles et Antiques. Paphlagonie, Pont, Arménie Mineore, Bordeaux.
  • Davis, N. - Kraay, C. M. 1980 The Hellenistic Kingdoms. Portrait Coins and History, London.
  • Debourd, P. 2005 “La Déese Ma et les Hirondelles blanches”, Revue des Études Grecques 118 (1), 15-30.
  • Erhat, A. 1972 Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Remzi Kitapevi, İstanbul.
  • Erzen, A. - Başaran, S. 1993 “1991 Yılı Enez (Ainos) Kazıları”, KST 14(2), 205-221.
  • Franke, P.R.-Nolle, M.K. 1997 Die Homonoia Münzen Kleinasiens und der thrakischen Randgebiete, I Katalog, Saarbrücken.
  • Harper, R. 1968 “Tituli Comanorum Cappadocia”, AnatSt 18, 93-147.
  • Harper, R. - Bayburtluoğlu, İ. 1968 “Preliminary Report on Excavations at Sar, Comana Cappadociae, in 1967”, AnatSt 18, 149-158.
  • Hartmann, A. 1928 “Ma”, RE 14(1), 77-91.
  • Head, B. V. 1977 Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, London.
  • Henig, M. 1978 A Corpus of Roman Engraved Gemstones from British Sites. British Archaeological Reports British Series 8, Oxford.
  • Gasparro, G. S. 1985 Soteriology and Mystic Aspects in the Cult of Cybele and Attis, Leiden.
  • Girginer, K. S. 2005 “Kizzuwatna Araştırmaları Projesi: 2002 Yılı Adana ve Çevresi Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırmaları ve Kummanni-Comana İlişkileri”, (Ed.) A. Süel, V. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, Ankara, 377-404.
  • Ivantchik, A. I. 2004 “Dedication to the Goddess Ma from Olbia (IOlb 74)”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 10, 1-14.
  • Karatağ, M. 2013 Klasik Arkeoloji Sözlüğü Yunan-Roma, Ankara.
  • Kienast, D. 1964 “Die Homonoiaverträge in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, JNG 14: 51-64.
  • Kienast, D. 1995 “Zu den Homonoia-Vereinbarungen in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, ZPE 109: 267-282.
  • Klose, D.O.A. 1987 Die Münzprägung von Smyrna in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Berlin.
  • Konuk, K. - Arslan, M. 2000 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings from Asia Minor. The Yüksel Erimtan Collection, Ankara.
  • Kümmel, H. M. 1983 “Kummanni”, (Ed.) D. Otto Edzard, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 6. Berlin, 335-336.
  • Loretz, O., et al (eds) 2013 “Ritual, Religion and Reason”, Studies in the Ancient World in Honour of Paolo Xella, Münster.
  • Magie, D. 1950 Roman Rule in Asia Minor, New Jersey.
  • Mentesidou, E. T. 2015 “Komana: A New Find from Hamamtepe and a Preliminary Study on Sanctuary’s Cults”, (Ed.) Erciyas, D. B., Tatbul, M. N., Komana Ortaçağ Yerleşimi, 209-226.
  • Michel, S. 2001 Bunte Steine – Dunkle Bilder: “Magische Gemmen”, München.
  • Moga, I. 2010 “Le Culte Indigene de la Bellone Micrasiatique”, Classica et Christiana 5/2, 369-393.
  • Morkholm, O. 1991 Early Hellenistik Coinage, Cambridge.
  • Mutlu, S. 2016 “Tanrıça Ma (Mᾶ) ve Kappadokia Komana’sı”, Phaselis II, 311-322.
  • Özen, S. - Işık, C. 2017 “Eleuthera aus Kaunos”, (Eds.) Doyran, M., Özen-Kleine, B., Çörtük, U., Özen, S., Uluslararası “Anadolu’da Demeter ve Diğer Ana Tanrıça Kültleri” Sempozyumu, 85-102.
  • Öztürk-Dönmez, F. 2006 Roma Çağı Küçükasya Kentleri Arasında Homonoia Anlaşmaları, İstanbul.
  • Popko, M. 1995 Religions of Asia Minor, Warsaw.
  • Price, M. J. - Trell, B. L. 1977 Coins and their Cities. Architecture on the ancient coins of Greece, Rome, and Palestine, London.
  • Proeva, N. 1983 “La déese cappadocienne Mâ et son culte en Macédoine d’après une plaque en bronze de Pretor, au Musée de Resen”, Ziva Antika 33(2), 165-183.
  • Proeva, N. 1992 “Ma”, LIMC, VI.2, 169-170.
  • Schröder, B. - Schrader, H. - Kolbe, W. 1904 “Die Arbeiten zu Pergamon 1902-1903: Die Inschriften”, AM 29, 152-178.
  • Seyrig, H. 1970 “Une Déese Anatolienne”, Antike Kunst 13, 76-78.
  • Spier, J. 1992 Ancient Gems and Finger Rings at The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu.
  • Sökmen, E. 2009 “Characteristic of the Temple States in Pontus”, Mithradates VI and Pontic Kingdom, (Ed.) J. M. Hojte, Aarhus, 277-287.
  • Stumpf, B. R. 1991 Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der Römischen Statthalter in Kleinasien. Saarbrücken.
  • Waddington, W. H. 1883 “Inscriptions de la Cataonie”, BCH VII, 125-148.
  • Waddington, W. H – Babelon, E. – Reinach, Th. 1904 Recueil général des monnaies grecques et romaines de l’Asie Mineure. Paris.

Year 2018, Issue: 17, 71 - 89, 01.06.2018

Melih Arslan

https://izlik.org/JA63LN58KZ

Abstract

References

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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Greek and Roman Period Archeology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melih Arslan 0000-0002-2152-1564

Publication Date June 1, 2018
IZ https://izlik.org/JA63LN58KZ
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 17

Cite

EndNote Arslan M (June 1, 2018) Roma Dönemi Yüzük Taşları Üzerinde Tanrıça Ma Betimlemeleri ve Yayımlanmış Bazı Eserlerdeki Ma İkonografisi İçin Yeni Öneri ve Değerlendirmeler. Colloquium Anatolicum 17 71–89.