Erken Prehistorik Dönemde Avrupa ve Anadolu’da Şamanist Ritüellerin Kanıtları

Year 2014, Issue: 13 , 185 - 204 , 01.06.2014

Neyir Kolankaya Bostancı

https://izlik.org/JA44TW26TF

Abstract

Dünyanın en eski inanış biçimlerinden birini yansıtan ve yalnızca antropoloji
ile etnografyanın değil ayrıca son zamanlarda arkeolojinin de ilgi alanına
giren şamanizm inancı ve ritüelleri ile ilgili veriler hem avcı-toplayıcı
topluluklardan hem de küçük ölçekli ziraat toplumlarından bilinmektedir.
Hiç şüphe yok ki, erken dönem toplumlarındaki şamanizm inancının varlığı
sembolizm ile yakın ilişkilidir. Hem arkeolojik hem de etnografik veriler
şamanizm inancının yerleşik hayata geçmeden çok daha önce, Üst Paleolitik
dönemde ortaya çıkmış olduğunu göstermektedir. Söz konusu düşüncenin
ortaya atılmasındaki en önemli etken ise, entellektüel düşünme kapasitesinin
geliştiğini kanıtlayan sembolizmin bu dönemdeki varlığıdır. Burada konu
edilen sembolik tasvirler Avrupa’da G.Ö. 30.000’lerde yapılmaya başlamışken,
Anadolu’da bu sembolik tasvirler ancak G.Ö. 12.000’lerde görülmektedir.
Diğer bir deyişle söz konusu tarihlerde Avrupa kıtasında Üst Paleolitik
ve Mezolitik dönemlerde, Anadolu’da ise Akeramik ve Seramikli Neolitik dönemlerde
sembolizmin etkileri yoğun bir şekilde hissedilmiştir.

Keywords

Şamanizm , Ritüeller , Paleolitik , Mezolitik , Neolitik

The Evidence of Shamanism Rituals in Early Prehistoric Periods of Europe and Anatolia

https://izlik.org/JA44TW26TF

Abstract

Archaeological evidence about shamanism which is an extremely ancient and once widespread religion dating back to the hunting-gathering cultures of the Palaeolithic period Dioszegi 1960: 8; Eliade 1964: xv, 504; Furst 1977: 21; Maringer 1977; Walsh 1990: 13, 141-150, 161; Ripinsky-Naxon 1993: 70; D’Aquili – Newberg 1999; Whitley 2000; Winkelman 2000; Lewis-Williams 2002; Pearson 2002; Emerson 2003; Aldhouse-Green – Aldhouse-Green 2005; McCall 2007; van Pool – van Pool 2007; Yakar 2009 are becoming increasingly common.

Keywords

Shamanism , Rituals , Palaeolithic , Mesolithic , Neolithic

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