Bakır Etkisinde Tatlı Su Midyelerinin (Unio tigridis) Solungaç ve Kaslarındaki İyon ATPaz Aktivitelerinin Değişimi

Abstract

Suda yaşayan hayvanların dokularındaki iyon ATPazlar metal etkilerine karşı hassastır. Midyeler suyu filtre ederek yaşadıklarından ve yerleşik yaşam tarzları nedeniyle iyi biyoindikatör hayvanlar olarak bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, tatlı su midyelerinin (Unio tigridis) solungaç ve kaslarındaki Na-ATPaz, Mg-ATPaz ve Ca-ATPaz aktiviteleri üzerine bakırın farklı derişimlerde (0, 30, 90 µg/L) ve farklı sürelerdeki (0, 7, 14, 21 gün) etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Midyeler deney süresince kültür alglerle (Cholorella vulgaris) beslenmişlerdir (300.000 alg/ml). Yirmi bir günlük deney süresi sonunda herhangi bir midye ölümü kaydedilmemiştir. Solungaç ve kastaki toplam protein düzeyleri herhangi bir deney koşulunda istatistiki olarak anlamlı (P>0.05) bir değişim göstermemiştir. Benzer şekilde, kontrol ATPaz aktiviteleri de farklı deney süreçlerinde anlamlı bir değişim göstermemiştir. Ancak, midyelerin solungaç ve kaslarındaki ATPaz aktiviteleri, özellikle yüksek bakır etkisinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı (P<0.05) azalmalar göstermiştir. Mg-ATPaz aktivitesinde her iki dokuda da anlamlı artışlar ve azalışlar görülmesine rağmen, Na-ATPaz ve Ca-ATPaz aktivitelerinde dalgalanmalar görülmemiştir. Çünkü bu enzimlerin aktivitelerinde sadece anlamlı azalmalar olmuştur. Bu deneyin verileri, çevresel olarak düşük derişimlerdeki bakırın bile midyelerin solungaç ve kaslarındaki iyon ATPazların aktivitelerini değiştirebildiğini ve midyelerin bakırla kontamine olmuş sularda karşılaşabilecekleri osmoregülasyon sistem stresini vurgulamıştır.

Keywords

• Metal
• mollusca
• enzim
• osmoregulasyon
• toksisite

Alterations on the Activities of Ion ATPases in the Gill and Muscle of Freshwater Mussel (Unio tigridis) Exposed to Copper

Abstract

Ion ATPases in the tissues of aquatic animals are sensitive to metal exposures. Mussels are filter-feeding animals and have a sedentary lifestyle that makes them good bio-indicator animals. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of copper (0, 30, 90 µg/L) on the activities of Na-ATPase, Mg-ATPase, and Ca-ATPase in the gill and muscle of freshwater mussels (Unio tigridis) in different exposure durations (0, 7, 14, 21 days). Feeding of mussels during the experiments were done with the cultured unicellular algae (Cholorella vulgaris), serving them approximately 300,000 algae/ml. At the end of 21 days of exposure period, no mussel mortality was recorded. Total protein concentrations in the gill and muscle did not change significantly (P>0.05) in any exposure groups. Likewise, control ATPase activities did not alter significantly during different exposure periods. However, ATPase activities in the gill and muscle of mussels altered significantly (P<0.05) following exposure to copper, especially at the higher concentration. Although there were significant increases and decreases in the activity of Mg-ATPase in both tissues, Na-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activities did not fluctuate as there were only significant decreases at the higher exposure concentration. The present data demonstrated that copper at environmentally realistic concentrations was able to alter the activities of ion ATPases in the gill and muscle of mussels and emphasized osmoregulatory stress which mussels might face in waters contaminated with copper.

Keywords

• Metal
• mollusk
• enzyme
• osmoregulation
• toxicity

Thanks

I would like to thank to Dr. Uslu for the help in algae culturing. Experimental parts of this study were carried out in Biology Department of Çukurova University. So my thanks go to Dr. M. Canli for allowing me to carry out the experiments in his laboratory.

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