The Effect of Increasing CO₂ and Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Damage on Plant Based ADEK Vitamins and Sterols
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of global climate change on the nutritional content of agricultural products by examining the sucking pest Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) , and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) plants at different feeding intensities and two different atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels (600 ppm and 670 ppm) on the ADEK vitamins and sterol components (µg/g) in leaf tissues. Experimental findings revealed that the levels of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin K2 showed significant differences depending on both the severity of the damage and the increase in CO₂. In pepper groups, the amount of these compounds was high at low CO₂ levels (600 ppm) but decreased at high CO₂ levels (670 ppm). In contrast, vitamin E levels in tomato and bean groups decreased with increasing CO₂. Sterol levels, specifically ergosterol and sitosterol, showed different responses depending on plant type with increasing CO₂, while beta-sitosterol decreased significantly, especially at high damage levels. The results indicate that both biotic (pest) and abiotic (CO₂) stress factors reorganise micronutrient and phytochemical compound levels in plants. These changes can be interpreted as adaptive physiological responses aimed at activating plant defence mechanisms and protecting cellular structure. The data obtained contribute to the development of strategies for preserving plant nutrient composition under climate change conditions.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Project Number
Ethical Statement
Thanks
References
- Ak, K., Uluca, M., Aydin, Ö., & Gokturk, T. (2019). Important invasive species and its pest status in Turkey: Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 126(5), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-019-00247-x
- Bosco, L., Moraglio, S. T., & Tavella, L. (2018). Halyomorpha halys, a serious threat for hazelnut in newly invaded areas. Journal of Pest Science, 91, 661–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-0986-7
- Lee, D. H., Short, B. D., Joseph, S. V., Bergh, J. C., & Leskey, T. C. (2013). Review of the biology, ecology, and management of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Environmental Entomology, 42(4), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN13006
- Loladze, I. (2014). Hidden shift of the ionome of plants exposed to elevated CO₂ depletes minerals at the base of human nutrition. eLife, 3, e02245. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02245
- Nowicka, B., & Kruk, J. (2010). Occurrence, biosynthesis and function of isoprenoid quinones. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1797(9), 1587–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.06.007
- Özgen, İ., Yılmaz, Ö., Aydoğmuş, E., Topdemir, A., Özmen, K. G., & Kılınçtepe, A. (2025). Alterations in plant fatty acid composition induced by insect herbivory and elevated carbon dioxide: A case study on Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 9, 165–173.
- Peiffer, M., & Felton, G. W. (2014). Insights into the saliva of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). PLOS ONE, 9(2), e88483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088483
- Taub, D. R., & Wang, X. (2008). Why are nitrogen concentrations in plant tissues lower under elevated CO₂? A critical examination of the hypotheses. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(11), 1365–1374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00754.x
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Plant Biochemistry, Plant Biotechnology, Entomology
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
İnanç Özgen
0000-0003-1742-9324
Türkiye
Abayhan Buran
*
0000-0003-4204-8638
Türkiye
Ceyhan Sönmez
0000-0001-5894-2445
Türkiye
Ercan Aydoğmuş
0000-0002-1643-2487
Türkiye
Publication Date
January 30, 2026
Submission Date
August 29, 2025
Acceptance Date
November 26, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1
