Chironomus riparius’ta (Diptera: Chironomidae) Piretroit Tau-fluvalinatın Neden Olduğu Akut Toksisite ve Subletal Lokomotor Bozukluk

Abstract

Pestisitler hedef dışı organizmaları olumsuz etkilediğinden, aşırı ve gelişigüzel kullanımları çevre ve akuatik ekosistemler için bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bir piretroit pestisit olan tau-fluvalinatın hedef dışı bir organizma olan Chironomus riparius üzerindeki letal ve subletal etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 96 saatlik bir mortalite testi ile tau-fluvalinatın akut toksisitesi belirlenmiş ve farklı subletal konsantrasyonlara 72 ve 144 saatlik maruziyetler sonrasında C. riparius’un lokomotor aktivitesindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Mortalite testleri, hem konsantrasyonun (F9, 240 = 133,80; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.83) hem de maruziyet süresinin (F3, 240 = 18,93; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.19) mortalite üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilerinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Hesaplanan 96 saatlik medyan letal konsantrasyon (44,53 µg/L) temel alınarak seçilen subletal konsantrasyonlarda (2.75, 5.5, 11 ve 22 µg/L) gerçekleştirilen lokomotor aktivite testlerinde, konsantrasyonun (F4, 60 = 236,7; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.94), maruziyet süresinin (F1, 60 = 35,48; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.37) ve bu iki değişkenin etkileşiminin (F4, 60 = 3,629; P = 0.0103; ηp2 = 0.19) lokomotor aktivite üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Tau-fluvalinatın hedef dışı bir organizma olan C. riparius üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendiren ilk çalışma olarak bulgularımız, tau-fluvalinatın özellikle çevresel kalıcılığı nedeniyle C. riparius popülasyonları için önemli bir risk oluşturduğunu ve akuatik ekosistemlerde uzun süreli varlığının çevresel bir tehlike teşkil ettiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Pestisit
• hedef dışı organizma
• akuatik ekosistemler
• letal etkiler
• subletal etkiler
• çevre yönetimi

Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Locomotor Impairment Induced by the Pyrethroid Tau-fluvalinate in Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Abstract

As pesticides negatively affect non-target organisms, their excessive and indiscriminate use poses a threat to the environment and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, it was aimed to examine the lethal and sublethal effects of tau-fluvalinate, a pyrethroid pesticide, on the non-target organism Chironomus riparius. For this aim, acute toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was evaluated through a 96-h mortality test, and changes in the locomotor activity of C. riparius were examined after 72- and 144-h exposures to different sublethal concentrations. Mortality tests indicated that both concentration (F9, 240 = 133,80; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.83) and exposure duration (F3, 240 = 18,93; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.19) had statistically significant effects on mortality. In locomotor activity tests conducted at sublethal concentrations (2.75, 5.5, 11, and 22 µg/L) selected based on the calculated 96-h median lethal concentration (44.53 µg/L), concentration (F4, 60 = 236,7; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.94), exposure duration (F1, 60 = 35,48; P<0.0001; ηp2 = 0.37) and their interaction (F4, 60 = 3,629; P = 0.0103; ηp2 = 0.19) were found to have statistically significant effects on locomotor activity. As the first study to evaluate the effects of tau-fluvalinate on the non-target organism C. riparius, our findings demonstrate that tau-fluvalinate poses a considerable risk to C. riparius populations, largely due to its environmental persistence, and that its prolonged presence in aquatic ecosystems constitutes an environmental hazard.

Keywords

• Pesticide
• non-target organism
• aquatic ecosystems
• lethal effects
• sublethal effects
• environmental management

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