İran'da Kritik Derecede Tehlike Altındaki Beluçistan Asya kara (Siyah) Ayısının Koruma Ekolojisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Beluçistan Asya kara (Siyah) Ayı’sının (Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus) İran’daki koruma açıklarını değerlendirmektedir. Araştırma, 16 ay süresince habitat ve insan-yaban hayatı çatışması değerlendirmeleri, beslenme analizi ve yerel topluluk katılımını kapsamaktadır. Türün yayılış alanı içerisindeki önemli bölgeler ile güney İran’da yürütülen topluluk temelli faaliyetlere ek olarak bu alttür üzerine son yirmi yılda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar incelenerek koruma öncelikleri ve bilgi boşlukları belirlenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları kapsamında elde edilen gözlemler, kamera tuzakları ve dolaylı bulgular aracılığıyla türün aktivite örüntüleri ve olası hareket yollarına ilişkin ön bulgular sunmaktadır; ancak bu veriler sınırlı ve sistematik olmayan örneklemeye dayandığından dikkatli yorumlanmalıdır. Özellikle krom madenciliği olmak üzere mineral çıkarım faaliyetleri, çekirdek habitat alanlarının içinde veya yakınında konumlanan işletmeler, önemli tehditler arasında belirlenmiştir. Kritik habitatların çevresindeki alanlarda yerel toplulukların katılımı ve farkındalığı, koruma çabalarında önemli bir rol oynamakta olup yerel kapasitenin güçlendirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir geçim kaynaklarının desteklenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kurak ekosistemlerde habitat restorasyonu ve su varlığının önemi literatürde yaygın olarak vurgulanmakla birlikte, bu faktörlerin habitat bağlantılılığı ve insan-ayı çatışması üzerindeki etkileri bu çalışmada doğrudan değerlendirilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen bulgular, ekolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik açıdan gösterge niteliğinde bilgiler sunmakta ve kurak ortamlarda topluluk temelli koruma yaklaşımlarının potansiyel değerini ortaya koyarken daha kapsamlı nicel ve uzun dönemli çalışmalara duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Aktivite modeli
• beslenme analizi
• insan-büyük etobur çatışmaları
• Hormozgan
• İran

Conservation Ecology of the Critically Endangered Baluchi Asiatic Black Bear in Iran

Abstract

This study evaluates conservation gaps of the critically endangered Baluchi Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus) in Iran. The project encompassed habitat and conflict assessment, diet analysis, and local community engagement over 16 months. In addition to community-based activities conducted in southern Iran and key locations within the species’ range, previous research on this subspecies over the past two decades was reviewed to identify conservation priorities and knowledge gaps. Observations from fieldwork, including camera trapping and indirect evidence, provide preliminary insights into activity patterns and possible movement pathways; however, they are based on limited, non-systematic data and should be interpreted with caution. Mineral extraction activities, particularly chromium mining, were identified as significant threats, with several operations located within or near core habitat areas. Community participation and awareness in areas surrounding critical habitats appear to play an important role in conservation efforts, highlighting the need to strengthen local capacity and support sustainable livelihoods. While habitat restoration and water availability are widely recognized in the literature as important factors in arid ecosystems, their effects on habitat connectivity and human–bear conflict were not directly assessed in this study. Overall, the results provide indicative ecological and socio-economic insights and highlight the potential value of community-based conservation approaches in arid environments while emphasizing the need for more rigorous quantitative and long-term studies.

Keywords

• Activity pattern
• Dietary analysis
• human-larg carnivores conflicts
• Hormozgan province
• Iran

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