Linking Phenolic Composition with Biological Activities in Three Endemic Marrubium Taxa

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between phenolic composition and biological activities of three endemic Marrubium taxa, namely Marrubium parviflorum subsp. oligodon (Boiss.) Seybold, Marrubium cephalanthum Boiss. & Noë, and Marrubium globosum Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. Ethanolic extracts prepared from the aerial parts were analyzed by HPLC-UV and twelve phenolic compounds were quantitatively identified. Among the investigated taxa, M. cephalanthum exhibited the highest phenolic content with verbascoside, rutin, and hyperoside as the predominant constituents. This taxon also showed the strongest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC₅₀ = 26.28 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (A₀.₅ = 29.82 μg/mL) assays. In contrast, M. globosum demonstrated the highest activity in the ABTS assay (IC₅₀ = 3.58 μg/mL) and showed relatively higher cholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChE: A₀.₅ = 65.14 μg/mL; BChE: A₀.₅ = 132.73 μg/mL). Regarding lipoxygenase inhibition, M. parviflorum subsp. oligodon exhibited the strongest effect (IC₅₀ = 106.55 μg/mL), followed by M. cephalanthum and M. globosum. No considerable inhibitory activity was observed against α-glucosidase or α-amylase under the tested conditions. Overall, the findings indicate that variations in phenolic composition may be associated with differences in biological activities among the investigated taxa. These results contribute to the understanding of the phytochemical–bioactivity relationship in Marrubium species and provide a basis for further bioactivity-guided studies.

Keywords

• Marrubium
• phenolic compounds
• antioxidant activity
• enzyme inhibition
• cholinesterase
• lipoxygenase

Üç Endemik Marrubium Taksonunda Fenolik Bileşimin Biyolojik Aktiviteler ile İlişkilendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Marrubium parviflorum subsp. oligodon (Boiss.) Seybold, Marrubium cephalanthum Boiss. & Noë ve Marrubium globosum Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. olmak üzere Türkiye’ye endemik üç Marrubium taksonunun fenolik bileşimi ile biyolojik aktiviteleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bitkilerin toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen etanol ekstreleri HPLC-UV yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve toplamda 12 fenolik bileşik kantitatif olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen taksonlar arasında M. cephalanthum’un en yüksek fenolik içeriğe sahip olduğu ve başlıca bileşenlerinin verbaskozid, rutin ve hiperozid olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu takson ayrıca DPPH (IC₅₀ = 26.28 μg/mL) ve CUPRAC (A₀.₅ = 29.82 μg/mL) analizlerinde en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, M. globosum ABTS analizinde en yüksek aktiviteyi (IC₅₀ = 3.58 μg/mL) sergilemiş ve kolinesteraz inhibisyonu açısından diğer taksonlara göre daha yüksek aktivite göstermiştir (AChE: A₀.₅ = 65.14 μg/mL; BChE: A₀.₅ = 132.73 μg/mL). Lipoksijenaz inhibisyonu bakımından en güçlü etki M. parviflorum subsp. oligodon’da gözlenmiş (IC₅₀ = 106.55 μg/mL), bunu M. cephalanthum ve M. globosum izlemiştir. Buna karşılık, uygulanan koşullar altında hiçbir taksonda α-glukozidaz ve α-amilaz enzimlerine karşı anlamlı bir inhibisyon gözlenmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, fenolik bileşimdeki farklılıkların biyolojik aktivitelerdeki değişimlerle ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, Marrubium türlerinde fitokimyasal bileşim ile biyolojik aktivite arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamakta olup, ileri düzey çalışmalar için temel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Marrubium
• fenolik bileşik
• antioksidan aktivite
• enzim inhibisyonu
• kolinesteraz inhibisyonu
• lipoksijenaz

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