Morus spp. Genotiplerinin Klonal Anaç Potansiyeli ve Morus nigra L. ile Aşı Uyumu Üzerine Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Abstract

Meyve ağaçlarında uygun anaç seçimi, hem verimlilik hem de aşı başarısı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Karadut (Morus nigra L.) fidanı üretiminde yaygın olarak aşılama kullanılmakta olup, aşılamayı izleyen dönemde veya bitki gelişiminin ilerleyen safhalarında anaç–kalem uyuşmazlığı ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada 56 farklı Morus spp. genotipi çelikle çoğaltıldı ve köklenme oranı %70’in üzerinde olan 21 genotip Ekşi Kara çeşidi ile aşılandı. Biyokimyasal analizler sonucunda, aşı başarısı yüksek genotiplerde toplam şeker, nişasta ve toplam karbonhidrat içeriklerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca, peroksidaz ve askorbat peroksidaz enzim aktiviteleri ile toplam fenolik bileşik düzeylerinde artış gözlendi. He Ya Bai genotipi yüksek karbonhidrat ve toplam fenolik bileşik değerleriyle dikkat çekerken, Yediveren 24-08 ve Ayaş Beyazı genotiplerinde yüksek peroksidaz ve askorbat peroksidaz aktiviteleri belirlendi. Bulgular, aşı başarısının sadece anatomik uyuma bağlı olmadığını, aynı zamanda anaç ve kalemdeki fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal durumun da belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, M. nigra’ya uygun klonal anaçların belirlenmesine yönelik bilimsel bir temel sunmakta ve aşı başarısını artırmaya yönelik stratejik öneriler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Peroksidaz
• Karbonhidrat metabolizması
• Toplam fenolik madde
• Aşı uyumazlığı

Clonal Rootstock Potential of Morus spp. Genotypes and Their Biochemical Influence on Graft Compatibility in Morus nigra L.

Abstract

Selecting an appropriate rootstock in fruit trees is crucial for both productivity and grafting success. In black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) propagation, grafting is widely used; however, graft incompatibility may occur following grafting or during later stages of plant development. In this study, 56 different Morus spp. genotypes were propagated via cuttings, and 21 genotypes with rooting success above 70% were grafted onto the Ekşi Kara cultivar. Biochemical analyses revealed that genotypes with high grafting success had higher total sugars, starch, and total carbohydrates. In addition, increased peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activities, as well as higher total phenolic compound levels, were observed. The He Ya Bai genotype stood out for its high total carbohydrates and total phenolic compound levels, while Yediveren 24-08 and Ayaş Beyazı genotypes showed elevated peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. These findings indicate that grafting success is not solely determined by anatomical compatibility, but is also influenced by the physiological and biochemical status of both rootstock and scion. This study provides a scientific basis for identifying suitable clonal rootstocks for M. nigra and offers strategic guidance to enhance grafting success.

Keywords

• Peroxidase
• Carbohydrate metabolism
• Total phenolic content
• Graft incompatibility

Thanks

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Associate Prof. Dr. Feyza İnceoğlu for her valuable assistance with statistical analysis throughout this study. I also thank the Malatya Apricot Research Institute for providing the necessary materials and laboratory facilities for the research.

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