Yonca Hortumlu Böceği (Hypera postica Gyll.) (Hyperinae: Curculionidae: Coleoptera)’nin Tropik İlişkisi, Yıllık Döngüsü, Mevsimsel Uykusu ve Zarar Olasılığı

Abstract

Yonca hortumlu böceği (Hypera postica)’nin biyolojisi, Hindistan’ın Chandigarh Bölgesi’nde araştırılmış ve bu tür üzerindeki bulgular Hindistan ve dünyanın farklı bölgelerinden gelen diğer raporlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu hortumlu böceğin, Fabacae familyasına ait olan yem bitkilerinin Medicago, Trifolium, Melilotus ve Vicia gibi cinslerine saldırdığı, ama aynı zamanda farklı bölgelerde diğer gerçek ve geçici konukçu bitkilere de geçtiği görülmüştür. Hortumlu böceğin larvaları ektofaj olduğu için, retikulat bir koza içinde pupa haline gelmeden önce bitkilerin uç kısımlarındaki yapraklar üzerinde beslenmektedir. Hortumlu böceğin yeni çıkan genç bireyleri, soğuk bölgelerde kışlamaları, sıcak bölgelerde ise yaz uykusu ile karakterize edilmekte, hortumlu böcek yılda 1–3 nesil verebilmektedir. Hortumlu böcek, dünyanın farklı yerlerinde mera bitkilerinin zararlısı olarak küçükten büyüğe doğru değişken bir zarar statüsüne sahiptir

Keywords

• Hypera postica
• Konukçu bitkiler
• Yaşam süresi

Trophic Relationship, Annual Cycle, Seasonal Diapause and Pest Potentiality of Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica Gyll. (Hyperinae: Curculionidae: Coleoptera)

Abstract

Main feature of the biology of Hypera postica has been studied in Chandigarh area and the findings have been compared with other reports on this species from India and different parts of the globe. It seems that the beetle attacks the fodder plants of genera Medicago, Trifolium, Melilotus and Vicia, belonging to family Fabacae but also shifts to other actual and transitory hosts in different regions. The larvae are ectophagous feeding on terminal leaves before pupating in a reticulate cocoon. The young beetle is characterized by summer diapause along with overwintering in colder regions. It passes through one to three generations in the course of the year. It has a variable status as pest of pasture crops as it causes minor to major damage in different parts of the world

Keywords

• Hypera postica
• Host plants
• Life cycle

References

1. Abu–Thuraya, N.H.P., 1982. General survey of agriculture pests in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agric. and water, Riyadh (In Arabic). pp: 240.
2. Akbari–Noushad, Sh. D., 1995. Biology of alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in East Azerbaijan. Proceedings of 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress 2–7 September, 1995 Karaj (Iran Islamic Republic). pp: 92.
3. Campobasso, G., Colonnelli, E., Knutson, L., Terragitti, G., Cristofaro, M., 1999. Wild plants and their associated insects in the Palearctic region, Primary Europe and Middle East. U.S. Department of Agric., Agricultural Research Service ARS–147, pp: 249.
4. Chandra, A., Pandey, K.C., 2011. Assessment of genetic variation in Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) using protease inhibitor activities and RAPD markers. J. Environ. Biol. 32: 559–565.
5. Dabbour, A.I., Hammad, S.M., 1982. Insect and Animal pests and their control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Uni. Libraries, King Saud Univ., Riyadh (In Arabic).
6. Ellsbury, M.M., Pederson, G.A., Fair brother, T.E., 1992. Resistance to foliar feeding Hyperinae weevils (Col.: Curc) in cyanogenic white clover. J. Econom. Ento. 85 (6): 2467–2472.
7. Gonzalez, D., Etzel, L., Esmaili, M., El–Heneidy, A.H., Kaddou, I., 1980. Distribution of Bathyplectes curculionis and Bathyplectes anurus (Hym: Ichneumonidae) from Hypera (Col.: Curculionidae) on alfalfa in Egypt, Iraq, and Iran. Entomophaga. 25 (2): 111–121.
8. Goosey, H.B., 2009. A degree day model of sheep grazing influence on alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Montana State Univ. Publication No. 3386528. pp: 78.

9. Gurrea, P., 1981. Ciclo biologico de Hypera variabils Herbst. (Col.: Curc.) en la Espana Central. Bol. Serv. Plagas. 7: 147–156.
10. Hamlin, J.C., Lieberman, F.W., Bunn, R.W., McDuffie, W.C., Newton, R.C., Jones, L.J., 1949. Field studies of the alfalfa weevil & its environment. United States Department of Agric. Tech. Bull. No. 975: 1–84.
11. Kanda, K., Morimoto, N., Shiba, T., 2004. Geographical distribution of alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyll.) in the Kanto area, Japan in spring of 2003. J. Japanese Soc. Grassland Sci. 49 (6): 635–639.
12. Khanjani, M., Pourmirza, A.A., 2004. A comparison of various control methods of alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Hamadan. J. of Entomological Society of Iran. 24 (1): 67–81.
13. Kaufman, O., 1939. Der Lezerneblattnager (Phytonomus variabilis Hbst.). Teile I II, Zeitschrift Fur angewandtle Entomologie. 26 (2): 312–358.
14. Kushwaha, K.S., Jain, S.K., 1963. Studies on frequency of pest infestation in Udaipur II–on the frequency of Lucerne weevil, Hypera variabilis (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting Lucerne crop in Rajasthan Univ. Udaipur Res. Studies. 1: 84–86.
15. Lodos, N., Onder, F., Pehlivan, E., Atalay, R., 1978. The study of the Harmful insect Fauna of Marmara and Aegean Regions. Publications of Food, Agric. and Animal Husbandry Ministry of Republic of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey (In Turkish). 301.
16. Melamed–Madjar, V., 1962. Bionomics of alfalfa weevil (Hypera variabilis Hbst.) in Israel. Israel J. Agric. Res., 12: 29–38.
17. Metcalf, R.L., Luckman, W.H., 1994. Introduction to insect pest management. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 650.
18. Michelbacher, A.E., 1943. The present status of the alfalfa weevil in California. California Agric. Experiment Station Bulletin No. 677: 3–24.
19. Miller, C.D. F., Guppy, J.C., 1972. Notes on the biology of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyll. (Col.: Curc.) In Southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 102:42–46.
20. Moradi–Vajargah, M., Golizadeh, Ali. Rafiee–Dastjerdi, Hoosang. Zalucki, M.P., Hassanpour, M., Naseri, B., 2011. Population density and spatial distribution pattern of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ardabil, Iran. Notulae Botanicae Hortic. Agrobotanici Cluj–Napoca.39(2): 42–48.
21. Nayar, K.K., Anantha Krishanand, T.N., David, B.V., 1992. General and Applied Entomology, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 358.
22. Ohto, K., 1996. Effect of photoperiod on the adult diapauses in alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyll.) Res. Bulletin of Plant Protection Service Japan. (32): 1–6.
23. Okumura, M., 1991. Biology & control of alfalfa weevil. Japan Agric. Tech. (8): 38–42 (In Japanese).
24. Pajni, H.R., 1981. Trophic relation & ecological status of adults of Bruchus pisorum L. and allied field species of Bruchidae attacking legumes (Pulses). (Ed. V. Labeyrie) Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hauge.
25. Pajni, H.R., Nanda, N., 1992. Some observations on the biology of Acallopistus species (Col.: Curc.) on Abutilon indicum .J. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc. 89 (3): 388–389.
26. Pajni, H.R., Nanda, N., 1995. Bionomics of Hypera postica (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) A pest of Trifolium alexandrinum. Hexapoda, 7(2): 85–92.
27. Pandey, K.C., Faruqui, S.A., 1990. Preferential response of Lucerne weevil to crude Extracts of some Medicago spp.Indian J. Ent. 52: 610–612.
28. Rather, B.A., Kumar, S., 2011. Analysis of factors responsible for outbreak of Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyll.) http://Krishisewa.com.
29. Salisbury, S.E., 2004. Alfalfa Insects: An overview of cutworms, Alfalfa weevil and Aphids. In–Proceedings Idaho Alfalfa and forage conference. 24–25 Feb. 2004.
30. Singh, J.B., Pandey, K.C., Saxena, P., 2009. Degree–day Model for development and incidence of Lucerne weevil Hypera postica (Gyll.) in Central India. Curr.t Sci.96 (12): 1578–1580.
31. Subba Rao, B.R., Atma Ram, Singh, R.P., Srivastava, M.L., 1967. Further notes on Hypera postica (Gyll.) and its natural enemies. Indian J. Ent. 29 (4): 370–379.
32. Summers, C.G., 1998. Integrated pest management in forage alfalfa. Integrated Pest Management Rev. 3: 127–154.
33. Talwar, N., Pajni, H.R., 1995. Notes on the life history and habits of Curculio c–album (Fab.), (Col.:Curc.), a pest of Eugenia fruits. The Entomologist. 114 (2): 118–122.
34. Yakhontov, V., 1934. The alfalfa weevil (Phytonomus varibilis Hbst.) Proceedings Asia Institute of Cotton growing. Moscow & Tashkent. 238. (In Russian).
35. Tonguc, M., Erbas, S., 2012. Evaluation of fatty acid compositions and seed characters of common wild plant species of Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. 36: 673–679.