KENTSEL GELİŞİM PLANLAMA VE REFORMLARINA YÖNELİK BAZI DURUM TESPİTLERİ VE ÖNERİLER

Öz

Dünya genelinde şehirleşme oranının artışına paralel olarak gecekondu yerleşimlerinde yaşayan nüfus da çoğalmaktadır. Özellikle sosyo- ekonomik cazibe merkezleri olan büyük şehirlerde, insani yaşam koşulları, kayıt dışı yerleşimlere yönelim nedeniyle gittikçe düşmekte; iklim ve çevre olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Problemin büyümesinin önemli sebeplerinden birisi aslen başarısız planlama ve uygulamalardan kaynaklanan hatalardır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kayıt dışı yerleşim ve ekonomi giderek artan küresel sorunları beraberinde getirdiğinden, kentsel planlama sorunu, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Dünya Bankası dahil, uluslararası yönetim ve finans kurumlarının önemli gündemleri arasındadır.Kamu politikasının bilimsel gerçeklere uygun olarak düzenlenmesi, teknik ve mühendislik gereklerini yerine getirmeye yönelik olması şarttır. Buna bağlı olarak kamu politikası, planlama ve uygulamaları, siyasi çıkarlara kurban edilmemeli, toplum refahını artırmak ve çevresel zararları azaltmak temel düstur olarak benimsenmelidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada kentsel politikalar geliştirme, politikaları planlama ve planları uygulamaya yönelik olarak yönetim sistemleri ilkelerinin kullanılmasının sağlanması amacıyla Dünya’dan konuyla ilgili olumlu ve olumsuz bazı örnekler ele alınıp irdelenerek tespit ve önerilerde bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır. BM Habitat'ın Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri kapsamında güvenli, uygun fiyatlı konutlara erişim ana hedef olmakla birlikte, küresel ve yerel ilişkilerin karmaşıklığı, özellikle de küresel sermayenin yerel kentsel dönüşüm projeleri üzerindeki etkileri, projelerin etkili ve sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlayabilen katılımcı yaklaşımların kentsel dönüşüm süreçlerinde önemi dikkatle ele alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, konut finansmanının ekonomik dengesizlikler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmeli, aşırı finansallaşmanın ve konut fiyatlarının şişmesinin ekonomik kriz riskini artırabileceğine dikkat edilmelidir. İkonik yapıların şehirlerin küresel temsilindeki rolünün ve medyanın kentsel dönüşüm süreçlerini nasıl etkilediğinin de değerlendirilmesi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmak için yerel politikalara önem gösterilmesi gerekir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, üst düzey yöneticilerin modernleşme idealini yanlış anlamaları ve toplumsal adaleti ihmal etmeleri, yoksulluk ve sosyal eşitsizliğin artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm ve planlama reformları, yetersiz katılım, kötü tasarım ve uygulamalar, lider eksikliği ve sınırlı kaynaklar gibi sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri, farklı aktörlerin (planlayıcılar, yatırımcılar, politikacılar, toplum) katılımını gerektirir ve bu katılımın dikkatlice yönetilmesi şarttır. Bu açıdan sorunlar nihai olarak, ancak yönetim sistemleri prensipleri ile çözüme kavuşturulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• .kentsel planlama
• kentsel dönüşüm
• kayıt dışı ekonomi
• gecekondulaşma
• çevresel sorunlar

SOME CASE STUDIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING POLICIES AND REFORMS PRODUCED TO PLANN URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Öz

The global surge in urbanization is accompanied by a troubling increase in slum settlements, particularly in major cities serving as socio-economic hubs. The living conditions of residents in these areas are deteriorating due to the prevalent trend of informal settlements, negatively impacting both the climate and the environment. Unsuccessful planning and implementation are identified as the primary contributors to this issue. Aligning public policies with scientific principles, prioritizing technical and engineering requirements is imperative. This matter should not be compromised for political interests; instead, it should be embraced as a fundamental principle to enhance social welfare and minimize environmental damage. The escalating problem has gained attention from international management and financial institutions, as informal settlements and economies pose global challenges, especially in developing nations. Realistic assessments, policy development, and resolute implementation are crucial at the national level. This study explores global examples on the subject, providing determinations and suggestions. While Sustainable Development Goals prioritize access to safe and affordable housing, the study emphasizes the importance of participatory approaches, considering the intricate global and local relationships impacting urban transformation projects. The financialization of housing can exacerbate economic inequalities and trigger economic crises through housing price inflation. Also, evaluating the role of iconic structures in representing cities globally and understanding the media's influence on urban transformation processes are crucial. In developing countries, misinterpreting the modernization ideal and neglecting social justice by top-level executives can lead to increased poverty and social inequality. Urban transformation and planning reforms may face challenges such as inadequate participation, poor designs and implementations, lack of leadership, and limited resources. Successful urban transformation projects necessitate careful management of diverse actor participation, including planners, investors, politicians, and communities. Ultimately, these issues can only be resolved through the principles of effective governance systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban planning
• urban transformation
• informality
• squatting
• environmental problems

Kaynakça

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