İşyerinde Hatalardan Öğrenme Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 40, 299 - 322, 19.04.2021

Elif Bilginoğlu , Uğur Yozgat

https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.716676

Cited By: 4

Öz

Mesleki/profesyonel öğrenme ve gelişim alanında, insanların yanılabilirlikleri ve hatalardan öğrenme konularına olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar hatalardan öğrenmenin önemini fark etmiş olmakla birlikte konu üzerinde çok fazla araştırma yapılmamıştır ve işyerindeki hatalardan öğrenme süreçlerine dair eksiksiz bir kavrayış henüz mevcut değildir. Örgütlerin hataların olumlu sonuçlarından faydalanması için, çalışanları hatadan öğrenmeye teşvik eden koşulları daha iyi anlamak önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bauer ve Mulder (2010) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan İşyerinde Hatalardan Öğrenme Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye kazandırılmasıdır. Ölçek geçerleme çalışması kapsamında, ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini değerlendirmek için iki farklı örneklemden, toplamda 455 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Veriler üzerinde keşfedici, doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ve test-tekrar test analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular orijinalde iki faktörlü olarak önerilen ölçeğinin aynı şekilde iki faktörlü (neden analizi ve strateji geliştirme) bir yapıda Türkçe’ye uygunluğunu ifade etmektedir. Bu bulguların teorik önemi ve etkileri geçmiş yazın ışığında tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hata, hatalardan öğrenme, işyerinde hatalardan öğrenme, işyerinde hatalardan öğrenme ölçeği

Kaynakça

• Alonso, I.J., Broadrib, M. (2018). “Human Error: A Myth Eclipsing Real Causes”, Process Safety Progress, 37(2), 145-149.
• Argote, L., Todocara, G. (2007). Organizational Learning. G. P. Hodgkinson ve J. K. Ford (Ed). International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 22) içinde (193–234). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
• Argyris, C., Schön, D.A. (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
• Arthur, J.B., Aiman-Smith, L. (2002). “Gainsharing and Organizational Learning: An Analysis of Employee Suggestions over Time”, Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 737-754.
• Bauer, J., Gartmeier, M., Harteis, C. (2012). Human Fallibility and Learning from Errors at Work. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (155-169). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Bauer, J., Harteis, C. (2012). The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning: Introduction to the Volume. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (1-14). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Bauer, J., Mulder, R.H. (2010). In Search of a Good Method for Measuring Learning from Errors at Work. M. van Woerkom & R. Poell (Ed.) Workplace Learning: Concepts, Measurement and Application içinde (111-127). NewYork: Routledge.
• Brodbeck, F.C., Zapf, D., Prümper, J., Frese, M. (1993). “Error Handling in Office Work with Computers: A Field Study”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66, 303-317.
• Carroll, P.B, Mui, C. (2008). “Failed Strategies: What CEOs Can Learn From The Billion Dollar Mistakes of Others”, Chief Executive, 236, 44-46.
• Cannon, M. D., Edmondson, A. C. (2001). “Confronting Failure: Antecedents and Consequences of Shared Beliefs about Failure in Organizational Work Groups”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 161–177.
• Cortini, M., Pivetti, M., Cervai, S. (2016). “Learning Climate and Job Performance among Health Workers. A Pilot Study”, Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article1644.
• Crossan, M., Lane, H.W., White, R.E. (1999). “An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intuition to Institution”, Academy of Management Review, 24 (3), 522–537.
• Cummings, T.G. ve Worley, C.G. (2015). Organization Development & Change (10th Edition). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
• Denton, J. (1998). Organisational Learning and Effectiveness. London: Routledge.
• De Winter, J. C. F., Dodou, D., Wieringa, P.A. (2009). “Exploratory Factor Analysis with Small Sample Sizes”, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 44(2), 147–181.
• Edmondson, A.C. (2011). “Strategies for Learning from Failure”, Harvard Business Review, 89(4), 48-55.
• Edmondson, A., Moingeon, B. (1998). “From Organizational Learning to The Learning Organization”, Management Learning, 29, 5-20.
• Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C., Strahan, E.J. (1999). “Evaluating The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research”, Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.
• Falchuk, B. (2017, September 06). “If You've Made a Huge Mistake at Work, You Can Recover With this 1 Simple Approach”. https://www.inc.com/bryan-falchuk/if-youve-made-a-huge-mistake-at-work-you-can-recov.html [Erişim Tarihi 15.01.2020]
• Fiol, C.M., Lyles, M.A. (1985). “Organizational Learning,” Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 803-813. Frese, M., Keith, N. (2015). “Action Errors, Error Management, and Learning in Organizations”, Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 661–687.
• Friedman, V.J., Lipshitz, R., Popper, M. (2005). “The Mystification of Organizational Learning”, Journal of Management Inquiry, 14(1), 19-30.
• Gartmeier, M., Bauer, J., Gruber, H., Heid, H. (2008). “Negative Knowledge: Understanding Professional Learning and Expertise”, Vocations and Learning, 1, 87–103.
• Gartmeier, M., Lehtinen, E., Gruber, H., Heid, H. (2011). “Negative Expertise: Comparing Differently Tenured Elder Care Nurses’ Negative Knowledge”, European Journal of Psychology of Education, 26(2), 273–300.
• Gartmeier, M., Ottl, E., Bauer, J., Berberat, P.O. (2017). “Learning from Errors: Critical Incident Reporting in Nursing”, Journal of Workplace Learning, 29(5), 339-352.
• Gartmeier, M., Schüttelkopf, E.M. (2012). Tracing Outcomes of Learning from Errors on the Level of Knowledge. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (33-51). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Glendon, I., Clarke, S. G., McKenna, E. F. (2006). Human Safety and Risk Management. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor ve Francis. Harteis, C., Bauer, J. (2014). Learning from Errors at Work. S. Billett, C. Harteis, H. Gruber (Ed). International Handbook of Research in Professional and Practice-Based Learning içinde (699-732). Amsterdam: Springer.
• Harteis, C., Bauer, J., Heid, H. (2012). Research on Human Fallibility and Learning from Errors at Work: Challenges for Theory, Research, and Practice. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (256-265). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Hirak, R., Peng, A.C., Carmeli A., Schaubroeck, J.M. (2012). “Linking Leader Inclusiveness to Work Unit Performance: The Importance of Psychological Safety and Learning from Failures”, The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 107–117.
• Hodgkinson, M. (2000). “Managerial Perceptions of Barriers to Becoming a ‘Learning Organization’”, The Learning Organization, 7(3), 156-166.
• Hofmann, D.A., Frese, M. (2011). Errors, Error Taxonomies, Error Prevention and Error Management: Laying the Groundwork for Discussing Errors in Organizations. D.A. Hofmann & M. Frese (Ed.). (2011). The Organizational Frontiers Series (SIOP). Errors in Organizations içinde (1-43). Routledge/Taylor ve Francis Group.
• Homsma, G.J., Van Dyck, C., De Gilder, Koopman, D.P.L., Elfring, T. (2009). “Learning from Error: The Influence of Error Incident Characteristics”, Journal of Business Research, 62, 115–122.
• Huber, G.P. (1991). “Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures”, Organization Science, 2(1), 88-115. Keith, N. (2012). Managing Errors During Training. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (173-195). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Kern, T. (2013, May 06). “The War on Error: Human Error as a Strategic Risk Management Concern.” http://www.rmmagazine.com/2013/05/06/the-war-on-error-human-error-as-a-strategic-risk-management-concern/ [Erişim Tarihi 15.01.2020]
• Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential Learning. Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Kriegesmann, B., Kley, T., Schwering, M.G. (2005). “Creative Errors and Heroic Failures: Capturing their Innovative Potential”, Journal of Business Strategy, 26, 57–64.
• Lei, Z., Naveh, E., Novikov, Z. (2016). “Errors in Organizations: An Integrative Review via Level of Analysis, Temporal Dynamism, and Priority Lenses”, Journal of Management, 42(5), 1315-1343.
• Lim, D., Song, J.H., Yoon, S.W. (2014). Trends and Issues in Integrating Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning for Workplace Performance Improvement. N. E. Chalofsky, T. S. Rocco, & M. L. Morris (Ed.), Handbook of Human Resource Development içinde (369-385). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Lipshitz, R., Popper, M., Friedman, V.J. (2002). “A Multifacet Model of Organizational Learning”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 38(1),78–98.
• MacPhail, L.H., Edmondson, A.C. (2011). Learning Domains: The Importance of Work Context in Organizational Learning From Error. D. A. Hofmann & M. Frese (Ed.) Errors in Organizations içinde (177-198). NewYork: Routledge.
• Metcalfe, J. (2017). Learning from Errors, Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 465-489.
• Naveh, E., Lei, Z. (2019). “Coping with Errors in Organizations: Challenges, Opportunities, and Frontiers for Operations Management Research”, Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management, 12(4), 349–433.
• Oser, F.K., Näpflin, C., Hofer, C., Aerni, P. (2012). Towards a Theory of Negative Knowledge (NK): Almost-Mistakes as Drivers of Episodic Memory Amplification. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (53-70). Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
• Oser, F., Spychiger, M. (2005). Lernen ist schmerzhaft. Zur Theorie des Negativen Wissens und zur Praxis der Fehlerkultur [Learning is painful. On the theory of negative knowledge and the practice of error culture]. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz.
• Perrow, C. (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Peters, G.A. ve Peters, B.J. (2006). Human Error: Causes and Control. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor ve Francis.
• Popova-Nowak, I.V. ve Cseh, M. (2015). “The Meaning of Organizational Learning: A Meta-Paradigm Perspective”. Human Resource Development Review, 14(3), 299–331.
• Putz, D., Schilling, J., Kluge, A. (2012). Measuring Organizational Climate for Learning from Errors at Work. J. Bauer & C. Harteis (Ed.) Human Fallibility: The Ambiguity of Errors for Work and Learning içinde (107–123). Dordrecht: Springer. Ramanujam, R., Goodman, P. S. (2003). “Latent Errors and Adverse Organizational Consequences: A Conceptualization”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 815–836.
• Reason, J. T. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Robey, D., Boudreau, M.-C., Rose, G. M. (2000). “Information Technology and Organizational Learning: A Review and Assessment of Research”, Accounting Management and Information Technologies, 10(2), 125-155.
• Ron, N., Lipshitz, R. ve Popper, M. (2006). “How Organizations Learn: Post-Flight Reviews in an F-16 Fighter Squadron”, Organization Studies, 27(8), 1069–89.
• Starkey, K. (1998). “What can we Learn from the Learning Organization?” Human Relations, 51(4), 531-546
• Sugarman, B. (2001). “A Learning Based Approach to Organizational Change: Some Results and Guidelines”, Organizational Dynamics, 30(1), 62-76.
• Tabachnick, B., ve Fidell, L. (2012). Using Multivariate Statistics. London: Pearson.
• Tsang, E.W.K. (1997). “Organizational Learning and the Learning Organization: A Dichotomy between Descriptive and Prescriptive Research”, Human Relations, 50(1), 73-89.
• Türk Dil Kurumu (2020). Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlüğü. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ [Erişim Tarihi 15.01.2020]
• Rybowiak, V., Garst, H., Frese, M., Batinic, B. (1999). “Error Orientation Questionnaire (EOQ): Reliability, Validity and Different Language Equivalence”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 527–547.
• Senge, P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Random House.
• Sitkin, S. B. (1992). “Learning through Failure: The Strategy of Small Losses”, Research in Organizational Behavior, 14, 231–266.
• Worthington, R L., Whittaker, T.A. (2006). “Scale Development Research: A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices”, The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838.
• Zhao, B. (2011). “Learning from Errors: The Role of Context, Emotion, and Personality”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 435–463.
• Zhao, B., Olivera, F. (2006). “Error Reporting in Organizations”, Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 1012-1030.
• Zhao, B., Seifried, J., Sieweke, J. (2018). “Trainers’ Responses to Errors Matter in Trainees’ Learning from Errors: Evidence from Two Studies”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33(3), 279-296.