Research Article
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The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction: A Study of The Hospitality Industry

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 40, 323 - 346, 19.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.787432

Abstract

Job satisfaction is considered as an important factor in terms of reducing employee absenteeism and intention to quit. It can be clearly seen based on the findings of previous studies that job satisfaction has a specific role in in hospitality management. The literature on the hospitality industry emphasizes that appropriate leadership styles should be applied to maximize the job satisfaction of hotel employees. In order to further the understanding of the factors affecting job satisfaction and to expand the literature for the hospitality industry, a conceptual model has been developed that includes structural relationships between leadership styles and job satisfaction. Regression analysis was used to experimentally test the developed model. The data were obtained from employees of five-star hotels operating in Alanya, Turkey (N=311). As a result of the research, it has been determined that transformational and transactional leadership positively affects job satisfaction, whereas laissez-faire leadership has no effect on job satisfaction. While our research will enable a more in-depth understanding of the antecedents of job satisfaction, managerial suggestions for improving the service quality in hotels will be made, which will enhance the awareness amongst managers.

References

  • Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C. & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48-64.
  • Ashton, A. S. (2018). How human resources management best practice influence employee satisfaction and job retention in the Thai hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 175-199.
  • Avolio, B. J. & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
  • Baquero, A., Delgado, B., Escortell, R. & Sapena, J. (2019). Authentic leadership and job satisfaction: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Sustainability, 11(8), 2412.
  • Basım, N., Şeşen, H. & Meydan, C. H. (2009). Öğrenen örgüt algısının örgüt içi girişimciliğe etkisi: Kamuda bir araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64(03), 27-44.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.
  • Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
  • Book, L., Gatling, A. & Kim, J. (2019). The effects of leadership satisfaction on employee engagement, loyalty, and retention in the hospitality industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-26.
  • Che, X. X., Zhou, Z. E., Kessler, S. R. & Spector, P. E. (2017). Stressors beget stressors: The effect of passive leadership on employee health through workload and work–family conflict. Work &Stress, 1-17.
  • Cheng, J. C. & Yi, O. (2018). Hotel employee job crafting, burnout, and satisfaction: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 72, 78-85.
  • Davidson, M. C. & Wang, Y. (2011). Sustainable labor practices? Hotel human resource managers views on turnover and skill shortages. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(3), 235-253.
  • Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. D. & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7-52.
  • Eliyana, A. & Ma’arif, S. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 1-3.
  • Erkutlu, H. (2008). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational and leadership effectiveness: The Turkish case. Journal of Management Development, 27(7), 708-726.
  • Gani, M. U., Ghani, A. & Nujum, S. (2019). Leadership and local culture influence on state civil apparatus’ (ASN) job satisfaction and performance at soppeng regional organization. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 1326-1345.
  • Glambek, M., Skogstad, A. & Einarsen, S. (2018). Workplace bullying, the development of job insecurity and the role of laissez-faire leadership: A two-wave moderated mediation study. Work & Stress, 32(3), 297-312.
  • Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170.
  • Huang, J., Li, W., Qiu, C., Yim, F. H. K. & Wan, J. (2016). The impact of CEO servant leadership on firm performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 945-968.
  • Huertas-Valdivia, I., Gallego-Burín, A. R. & Lloréns-Montes, F. J. (2019). Effects of different leadership styles on hospitality workers. Tourism Management, 71, 402-420.
  • Kara, D., Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J. & Lee, G. (2013). The effects of leadership style on employee well-being in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 9-18.
  • Karatepe, O, M., Uludag, O., Menevis, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L. & Baddar, L. (2006). The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Tourism Management, 27(4), 547-560.
  • Khan, M. Y. H. (2018). Cross cultural leadership and the hospitality industry: A leadership style towards success in organizational goals in France. Hos Tour Manage Int, 1(4), 20-25.
  • Kim, W. G. & Brymer, R. A. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1020-1026.
  • Kong, H., Jiang, X., Chan, W. & Zhou, X. (2018). Job satisfaction research in the field of hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(5), 2178-2194.
  • Korkmazer, Ö. G. F. & Ekingen, Ö. G. E. (2017). Örgütsel yabancılaşmanın iş tatmini ile ilişkisi: Sağlık sektöründe bir uygulama. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 63, 459-470.
  • Liu, A. & Wall, G. (2006). Planning tourism employment: A developing country perspective. Tourism Management, 27(1), 159-170.
  • Locke, E. A. (1976), The nature and consequences of job satisfaction. In Dunnetter, M. D.(Ed.). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally, pp. 1297-1349.
  • Madera, J. M., Dawson, M. & Guchait, P. (2016). Psychological diversity climate: Justice, racio ethnic minority status and job satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(11), 2514-2532.
  • Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Brees, J. R. & Mackey, J. (2013). A review of abusive supervision research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), 120-137.
  • Min, H. & Min, H. (1997). Benchmarking the quality of hotel services: Managerial perspectives. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 14(6), 582-597.
  • Munir, H. & Iqbal, M. Z. (2018). A study of relationship between leadership styles of principals and job satisfaction of teachers in colleges for women. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2), 65-78.
  • Naseem, A., Ejaz, S. & Malik, K. P. (2011). Improvement of hotel service quality: An empirical research in Pakistan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 2(5), 52-56.
  • Nguyen, D., Teo, S., Grover, S. & Nguyen, N. P. (2017). Laissez-Faire Leadership Behaviors in Public Sector in Vietnam. In The Palgrave Handbook of Leadership in Transforming Asia (pp. 397-415). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Northouse, P. G. (2013), Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Piccolo, R. F., Bono, J. E., Heinitz, K., Rowold, J., Duehr, E. & Judge, T. A. (2012). The relative impact of complementary leader behaviors: Which matter most?. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 567-581.
  • Pizam, A. & Thornburg, S. W. (2000). Absenteeism and voluntary turnover in Central Florida Hotels: A pilot study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(2), 211-217.
  • Prabowo, T., Noermijati, N. & Irawanto, D. W. (2018). The influence of transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 16(1), 171-178.
  • Quintana, T. A., Park, S. & Cabrera, Y. A. (2015). Assessing the effects of leadership styles on employees’ outcomes in international luxury hotels. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2), 469-489.
  • Rothfelder, K., Ottenbacher, M. & Harrington, R. J. (2012). The impact of transformational, transactional and non-leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in the German hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(4), 201-214.
  • Ruggles, R. (2016, March 23). Hospitality turnover rose to 72.1% in 2015. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://nrn.com/blog/hospitality-turnover-rose-721-rate-2015.
  • Skogstad, A., Aasland, M.S., Nielsen, M.B., Hetland, J., Matthiesen, S.B. & E inarsen, S. (2015). The relative effects of constructive, laissez-faire, and tyrannical leadership on subordinate job satisfaction. Zeitschriftfür Psychologie.
  • Surucu, L. & Sesen, H. (2019). Entrepreneurial behaviors in the hospitality industry: Human resources management practices and leader member exchange role. Revista de Cercetaresi InterventieSociala, 66.
  • Sürücü, L. & Yeşilada, T. (2017). The impact of leadership styles on organizational culture. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6(8), 31-39.
  • Sürücü, L., Yeşilada, T., & Maşlakçı, A. (2018). The Relationship between Socio-Demographic Properties and Leadership Perceptions of Employees. Journal of Business and Management, 20(2), 88-96.
  • Stamolampros, P., Korfiatis, N., Chalvatzis, K. & Buhalis, D. (2019). Job satisfaction and employee turnover determinants in high contact services: Insights from employees’ online reviews. Tourism Management, 75, 130-147.
  • Şeşena, H., Sürücüb, L. & Maşlakcıc, A. (2019). On the relation between leadership and positive psychological capital in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Business, 24(2), 183.
  • Torlak, N. G. & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, job satisfaction and performance links in private education institutes of Pakistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 276-295.
  • Yang, J. T. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 42-52.
  • Yuan, H. & Jiaqing, K. (2019). Job satisfaction of hotel employees conceptual model construction and evaluation. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 8(1), 1.
  • Yukl, G., Gordon, A. & Taber, T. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior: Integrating a half century of behavior research. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 15-32.
  • Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. & Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus. Tourism Management, 41, 129-140.
Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 40, 323 - 346, 19.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.787432

Abstract

References

  • Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C. & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48-64.
  • Ashton, A. S. (2018). How human resources management best practice influence employee satisfaction and job retention in the Thai hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 175-199.
  • Avolio, B. J. & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
  • Baquero, A., Delgado, B., Escortell, R. & Sapena, J. (2019). Authentic leadership and job satisfaction: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Sustainability, 11(8), 2412.
  • Basım, N., Şeşen, H. & Meydan, C. H. (2009). Öğrenen örgüt algısının örgüt içi girişimciliğe etkisi: Kamuda bir araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64(03), 27-44.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.
  • Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
  • Book, L., Gatling, A. & Kim, J. (2019). The effects of leadership satisfaction on employee engagement, loyalty, and retention in the hospitality industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-26.
  • Che, X. X., Zhou, Z. E., Kessler, S. R. & Spector, P. E. (2017). Stressors beget stressors: The effect of passive leadership on employee health through workload and work–family conflict. Work &Stress, 1-17.
  • Cheng, J. C. & Yi, O. (2018). Hotel employee job crafting, burnout, and satisfaction: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 72, 78-85.
  • Davidson, M. C. & Wang, Y. (2011). Sustainable labor practices? Hotel human resource managers views on turnover and skill shortages. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(3), 235-253.
  • Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. D. & Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 7-52.
  • Eliyana, A. & Ma’arif, S. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 1-3.
  • Erkutlu, H. (2008). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational and leadership effectiveness: The Turkish case. Journal of Management Development, 27(7), 708-726.
  • Gani, M. U., Ghani, A. & Nujum, S. (2019). Leadership and local culture influence on state civil apparatus’ (ASN) job satisfaction and performance at soppeng regional organization. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 1326-1345.
  • Glambek, M., Skogstad, A. & Einarsen, S. (2018). Workplace bullying, the development of job insecurity and the role of laissez-faire leadership: A two-wave moderated mediation study. Work & Stress, 32(3), 297-312.
  • Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170.
  • Huang, J., Li, W., Qiu, C., Yim, F. H. K. & Wan, J. (2016). The impact of CEO servant leadership on firm performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(5), 945-968.
  • Huertas-Valdivia, I., Gallego-Burín, A. R. & Lloréns-Montes, F. J. (2019). Effects of different leadership styles on hospitality workers. Tourism Management, 71, 402-420.
  • Kara, D., Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J. & Lee, G. (2013). The effects of leadership style on employee well-being in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 9-18.
  • Karatepe, O, M., Uludag, O., Menevis, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L. & Baddar, L. (2006). The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Tourism Management, 27(4), 547-560.
  • Khan, M. Y. H. (2018). Cross cultural leadership and the hospitality industry: A leadership style towards success in organizational goals in France. Hos Tour Manage Int, 1(4), 20-25.
  • Kim, W. G. & Brymer, R. A. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1020-1026.
  • Kong, H., Jiang, X., Chan, W. & Zhou, X. (2018). Job satisfaction research in the field of hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(5), 2178-2194.
  • Korkmazer, Ö. G. F. & Ekingen, Ö. G. E. (2017). Örgütsel yabancılaşmanın iş tatmini ile ilişkisi: Sağlık sektöründe bir uygulama. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 63, 459-470.
  • Liu, A. & Wall, G. (2006). Planning tourism employment: A developing country perspective. Tourism Management, 27(1), 159-170.
  • Locke, E. A. (1976), The nature and consequences of job satisfaction. In Dunnetter, M. D.(Ed.). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally, pp. 1297-1349.
  • Madera, J. M., Dawson, M. & Guchait, P. (2016). Psychological diversity climate: Justice, racio ethnic minority status and job satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(11), 2514-2532.
  • Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Brees, J. R. & Mackey, J. (2013). A review of abusive supervision research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), 120-137.
  • Min, H. & Min, H. (1997). Benchmarking the quality of hotel services: Managerial perspectives. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 14(6), 582-597.
  • Munir, H. & Iqbal, M. Z. (2018). A study of relationship between leadership styles of principals and job satisfaction of teachers in colleges for women. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2), 65-78.
  • Naseem, A., Ejaz, S. & Malik, K. P. (2011). Improvement of hotel service quality: An empirical research in Pakistan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 2(5), 52-56.
  • Nguyen, D., Teo, S., Grover, S. & Nguyen, N. P. (2017). Laissez-Faire Leadership Behaviors in Public Sector in Vietnam. In The Palgrave Handbook of Leadership in Transforming Asia (pp. 397-415). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Northouse, P. G. (2013), Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Piccolo, R. F., Bono, J. E., Heinitz, K., Rowold, J., Duehr, E. & Judge, T. A. (2012). The relative impact of complementary leader behaviors: Which matter most?. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 567-581.
  • Pizam, A. & Thornburg, S. W. (2000). Absenteeism and voluntary turnover in Central Florida Hotels: A pilot study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19(2), 211-217.
  • Prabowo, T., Noermijati, N. & Irawanto, D. W. (2018). The influence of transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 16(1), 171-178.
  • Quintana, T. A., Park, S. & Cabrera, Y. A. (2015). Assessing the effects of leadership styles on employees’ outcomes in international luxury hotels. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2), 469-489.
  • Rothfelder, K., Ottenbacher, M. & Harrington, R. J. (2012). The impact of transformational, transactional and non-leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in the German hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(4), 201-214.
  • Ruggles, R. (2016, March 23). Hospitality turnover rose to 72.1% in 2015. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://nrn.com/blog/hospitality-turnover-rose-721-rate-2015.
  • Skogstad, A., Aasland, M.S., Nielsen, M.B., Hetland, J., Matthiesen, S.B. & E inarsen, S. (2015). The relative effects of constructive, laissez-faire, and tyrannical leadership on subordinate job satisfaction. Zeitschriftfür Psychologie.
  • Surucu, L. & Sesen, H. (2019). Entrepreneurial behaviors in the hospitality industry: Human resources management practices and leader member exchange role. Revista de Cercetaresi InterventieSociala, 66.
  • Sürücü, L. & Yeşilada, T. (2017). The impact of leadership styles on organizational culture. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6(8), 31-39.
  • Sürücü, L., Yeşilada, T., & Maşlakçı, A. (2018). The Relationship between Socio-Demographic Properties and Leadership Perceptions of Employees. Journal of Business and Management, 20(2), 88-96.
  • Stamolampros, P., Korfiatis, N., Chalvatzis, K. & Buhalis, D. (2019). Job satisfaction and employee turnover determinants in high contact services: Insights from employees’ online reviews. Tourism Management, 75, 130-147.
  • Şeşena, H., Sürücüb, L. & Maşlakcıc, A. (2019). On the relation between leadership and positive psychological capital in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Business, 24(2), 183.
  • Torlak, N. G. & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, job satisfaction and performance links in private education institutes of Pakistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 276-295.
  • Yang, J. T. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 42-52.
  • Yuan, H. & Jiaqing, K. (2019). Job satisfaction of hotel employees conceptual model construction and evaluation. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 8(1), 1.
  • Yukl, G., Gordon, A. & Taber, T. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior: Integrating a half century of behavior research. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 15-32.
  • Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. & Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus. Tourism Management, 41, 129-140.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Lütfi Sürücü 0000-0002-6286-4184

Murat Sağbaş

Publication Date April 19, 2021
Submission Date August 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 19 Issue: 40

Cite

APA Sürücü, L., & Sağbaş, M. (2021). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction: A Study of The Hospitality Industry. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(40), 323-346. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.787432

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