'Spotlights on set workers': Working conditions in the Turkish film and TV industry
Abstract
This article examines the working conditions of set workers in Türkiye’s film and television industry through the lenses of labour law and media policy. In creative industries, flexible employment has transformed precarity into a structural fixture, driven by a legal framework that fails to regulate sector-specific dynamics. Based on a large-scale survey of 1,181 participants, the study reveals how precarity has become institutionalized. Key findings highlight that most workers operate without written contracts, engage in short-term project-based tasks, face delayed payments, and endure excessive hours. Consequently, these workers are often excluded from the legal definition of ‘employee’ under Turkish Labour Law, stripping them of essential social protections. The study proposes adopting the ‘dependent contractor’ status as an intermediate legal category to address these gaps. Ultimately, the article argues that solving these issues requires more than just legal reform; it necessitates a fundamental structural transformation in the political economy and organization of creative labour.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Media Technologies, New Media
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
July 8, 2026
Submission Date
March 19, 2025
Acceptance Date
November 27, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: 70