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Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması

Year 2020, Issue: 59, 265 - 297, 18.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666

Abstract

Bir gerekçe ile bir iddia arasında kurulan çıkarsama ilişkisi tüm argüman teorilerinin ve modellerinin temelini oluşturur. Bununla birlikte farklı analitik öncelikler doğrultusunda detaylandırılmış çeşitli argüman modelleri mevcuttur. Bu makale kavramsal ilişkilere odaklı karşılaştırmalı bir literatür taraması yöntemi ile söylem analizi çalışmalarını desteklemek amacıyla geliştirilmiş dört güncel argüman modelini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modeli. Argüman modelleri ve yaklaşımları bir yanda analizde içerik ve bağlamın önemine yaptıkları vurguyla söylemsel yaklaşımlardan, öte yanda belli akli ilişkileri ve standartları uygulamaya geçirmekle analitik felsefe ve mantıktan esin almışlardır. Argüman teorisi çerçevesinde önerilen dört modeli sırayla incelemeden önce argüman yaklaşımı söylem analizinin sosyal inşacı ve ampirik yaklaşımıyla, mantığın biçimsel ve normatif yaklaşımı arasında konumlandırılmaktadır. Ardından, söz konusu dört argüman modelinin gündelik iletişimdeki çıkarsama ilişkilerini apaçık etmek amacıyla, lakin farklı analitik ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurarak, bu ilişkileri nasıl farklı öğelere ayırdıkları irdelenmektedir. Dört bölüm boyunca basit bir gündelik argümanın her bir model tarafından ne şekilde yeniden yapılandırıldığı şematik olarak örnekleyerek gösterilmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde ise modellerin bir karşılaştırması ile hangi modelin ne tür çalışmalar için daha uygun olduğu, ne tür durumlarda daha verimli olarak kullanılabileceği ve kullandıkları argüman yaklaşımının sınırları kısaca tartışılmaktadır.

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References

  • Akın, M. (2018). Günümüzde bazı marjinal mehdî tiplemeleri ve söylem analizleri. Kader, 16, 66-88. https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.403347
  • Aldağ, H. (2006). Toulmin tartışma modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 13-33.
  • Amossy, R. (2002). Introduction to the Study of Doxa. Poetics Today, 23, 369-394. https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-23-3-369
  • Audi, R. (2006). Practical reasoning and ethical decision. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press.
  • Austin, J. L. (2009). Söylemek ve yapmak. İstanbul, Turkey: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Breeze, R. (2011). Critical discourse analysis and its critics. Pragmatics, 21, 493-525. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.21.4.01bre
  • Bevir, M., & Blakely, J. (2018). Interpretive social science: An anti-naturalist approach. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Blair, J. A. (2010). ISSA Proceedings 2010 - Logic in the Pragma-Dialectical Theory. Rozenberg Quarterly. Retrieved from http://rozenbergquarterly.com/issa-proceedings-2010-logic-in-the-pragma-dialectical-theory/
  • Cengiz, K., & Küçükural, Ö. (2018). Sabitleyici bir tartışma (argümantasyon) pratiği olarak erkeklik. Toplum ve Bilim, 145, 32-54.
  • Çalışkan, O. (2019). Politik argümantasyonun temellendirilmesinde ortak kanaatlere başvurma: Cumhur ittifakı argümanlarına yönelik bir inceleme. İnsan ve İnsan, 6(19), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.462678
  • Fairclough, I. (2017). Deliberative discourse. In J. Flowerdew & J. E. Richardson (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies (pp. 242-256). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, I., & Fairclough, N. (2012). Political discourse analysis: A method for advanced students. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, N. (2009). A dialectical-relational approach to critical discourse analysis in social research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 162-187). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. New York, USA: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, I., & Mădroane, I. D. (2016). ISSA Proceedings 2014 - An argumentative approach to policy ‘framing’. Competing ‘frames’ and policy conflict in the Roşia Montană case. Rozenberg Quarterly. Retrieved from http://rozenbergquarterly.com/issa-proceedings-2014-an-argumentative-approach-to-policy-framing-competing-frames-and-policy-conflict-in-the-rosia-montana-case/
  • Fogelin, R. (2005). The logic of deep disagreements. Informal Logic, 25, 1-8.
  • Gerritsen, S. (2001). Unexpressed premises. In F. H. van Eemeren (Ed.), Crucial concepts in argumentation theory (pp. 56-84). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Sic Sat.
  • Gilbert, M. A. (1995). Coalescent argumentation. Argumentation, 9, 837-852.
  • Greco Morasso, S. (2012). Contextual frames and their argumentative implications: A case study in media argumentation. Discourse Studies, 14, 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611433636
  • Gürsoy, B. (2013). Tüketi̇mi̇n esteti̇ği̇ ve medya: “Bugün ne gi̇ysem” programı üzeri̇nden bi̇r değerlendi̇rme. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 85-98.
  • Hamblin, C. L. (1970). Fallacies. London, UK: Methuen.
  • Jackson, S. (1992). “Virtual standpoints” and the pragmatics of conversational argument. In F. H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, J. A. Blair, & C. A. Willard (Eds.), Argumentation illuminated (pp. 260-269). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Sic Sat.
  • Jäger, S., & Maier, F. (2009). Theoretical and methodological aspects of Foucauldian critical discourse analysis and dispositive analysis. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 32-61). London, UK: Sage.
  • Jørgensen, M. W., & Phillips, L. J. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London, UK: Sage.
  • Keeney L. R. (1992). Value-focused thinking: A path to creative decision making. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.
  • Kim, J. (2014). Interactivity, user-generated content and video game: an ethnographic study of Animal Crossing: Wild World. Continuum, 28(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2014.893984
  • Kurtuldu, B. (2019). Douglas Walton’ın argüman biçimleri yaklaşımı. Felsefe Arkivi, 51, 161-178.
  • Lewiński, M. (2018). Practical argumentation in the making: Discursive construction of reasons for action. S. Oswald, T. Herman, J. Jacquin (Eds.), Argumentation and Language - Linguistic, Cognitive and Discursive Explorations (pp. 219-241). Cham: Springer.
  • Lewiński, M., & Mohammed, D. (2016). Argumentation theory. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect198
  • Nabers, D. (2009). Filling the void of meaning: Identity construction in US foreign policy after September 11, 2001. Foreign Policy Analysis, 5, 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2009.00089.x
  • O’Toole, M. M. (2004). Opera Ludentes: the Sydney Opera House at work and play. In K. O'Halloran (Ed.), Multimodal discourse analysis: Systemic functional perspectives (pp. 11-27). London, UK: Continuum.
  • Perelman, C. (2012). The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its applications. New York, USA: Springer.
  • Perelman, C., & Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1969). The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation. Notre Dame, France: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2001). The discourse-historical approach. In R. Wodak & Meyer, M. (Eds.), Methods for critical discourse analysis (pp. 87-121). London, UK: Sage.
  • Rommetveit, R. (1974). On message structure: A framework for the study of language and communication. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Rigotti, E., & Greco Moraso, S. (2010). Comparing the Argumentum Model of Topics to other contemporary approaches to Argument Schemes: The procedural and material components. Argumentation, 24, 489-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-010-9190-7
  • Schiappa, E. (2003). Defining reality: Definitions and the politics of meaning. Carbondale, Edwardsville: SIU Press.
  • Scollon, R. (2001). Action and text: Towards an integrated understanding of the place of text in social (inter)action, Mediated Discourse analysis and the Problem of Social Action. In R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods for critical discourse analysis (pp. 139-183). London, UK: Sage.
  • Searle, J. R., & Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seçkin Kapucu, M., & Türk, H. (2019). Güncel bilimsel haberlerin Toulmin argüman modeline göre incelenmesi ve öğrencilerin argüman düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 1119-1144.
  • Snoeck-Henkemans, A. (2003). Complex argumentation in a critical discussion. Argumentation, 17, 405-419. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026390419589
  • Şah, U. (2012). Andımızı okumak: Bir aracılı söylem analizi çalışması. In S. Arkonaç (Ed.), Söylem çalışmaları. İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel.
  • Tindale, C. W. (2015). The philosophy of argument and audience reception. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Toulmin, S. (2003). Uses of argument. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Üzelgün, M. A. (2015). Sosyal temsil çalışmaları için sistematik bir yöntem olarak argüman analizi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 35, 71-90.
  • Üzelgün, M. A., Mohammed, D., Lewiński, M., & Castro, P. (2015). Managing disagreement through yes, but… constructions: An argumentative analysis. Discourse Studies, 17, 467-484. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445615578965
  • Üzelgün, M. A., & Pereira, J. R. (2020). Beyond the co-production of technology and society: The discursive treatment of technology with regard to near-term and long-term environmental goals. Technology in Society, 61, 101244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101244
  • van Benthem, J. (2009). One logician's perspective on argumentation. Cogency, 1, 1-16.
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse & Society, 17(3), 359-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 349-371). Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell.
  • van Eemeren, F. H. (2009). Argumentation theory after the New Rhetoric. L’analisi Linguistica e Letteraria, 17, 119-148.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., & Grootendorst, R. (2004). A systematic theory of argumentation: The pragma-dialectical approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., & Kruiger, T. (2019). Handbook of argumentation theory: A critical survey of classical backgrounds and modern studies (Vol. 7). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., & Henkemans, A. F. S. (2002). Argumentation: Analysis, evaluation, presentation. London, UK: Routledge.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., & Houtlosser, P. (2006). Strategic maneuvering: A synthetic recapitulation. Argumentation, 20(4), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-007-9037-z
  • Wagemans, J. H. (2019). Four basic argument forms. Research in Language, 17, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.2478/rela-2019-0005
  • Walton, D., Reed, C., & Macagno, F. (2008). Argumentation schemes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wenzel, J. W. (2006). Three perspectives on argument: Rhetoric, dialectic, logic. In R. Trapp & J. Schuetz (Eds.), Perspectives on argumentation: Essays in honor of Wayne Brockriede (pp. 9-26). New York, USA: Idebate Press.
  • Wodak, R. (2011). The Discourse of politics in action: Politics as usual. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). “The discourse-historical approach”. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 63-94). London, UK: Sage.
  • Zarefsky, D. (2014). Rhetorical perspectives on argumentation: Selected essays by David Zarefsky (Vol. 24). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

Four Approaches in Argumentation Analysis: A Review and Comparison of the Toulmin Model, Pragma-Dialectics, Political Discourse Analysis, and Argumentum Model of Topics

Year 2020, Issue: 59, 265 - 297, 18.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666

Abstract

The inferential relation drawn between a reason and a claim constitutes the basis of all argument approaches and models. This article conducts a concept-based comparative literature review that aims to compile and compare four contemporary argument models that are used in the analysis of everyday discourse: the Toulmin Model, Pragma-Dialectics, Political Discourse Analysis, and Argumentum Model of Topics. Argumentation theory and models are inspired, on the one hand, by discursive approaches in the emphasis put on the content and context, and on the other, from analytical philosophy and logic in the application of rational norms and standards. Before examining the four models, developed in the framework of argumentation theory, the article positions the argument approach between the social constructionist and empirical approach of discourse analysis and the formal and normative approach of logic. In examining the four argument models and their analytical reconstruction operations, it seeks to clarify their approach to inferential relations in everyday communication and illustrate their analytical differences. Throughout the four sections, schematic illustrations of how each model reconstructs a simple everyday argument are thus provided. In the conclusion, the models are compared discussing the type of studies each model is most suitable for and the cases for which each can be used most fruitfully.

References

  • Akın, M. (2018). Günümüzde bazı marjinal mehdî tiplemeleri ve söylem analizleri. Kader, 16, 66-88. https://doi.org/10.18317/kaderdergi.403347
  • Aldağ, H. (2006). Toulmin tartışma modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 13-33.
  • Amossy, R. (2002). Introduction to the Study of Doxa. Poetics Today, 23, 369-394. https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-23-3-369
  • Audi, R. (2006). Practical reasoning and ethical decision. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press.
  • Austin, J. L. (2009). Söylemek ve yapmak. İstanbul, Turkey: Metis Yayıncılık.
  • Breeze, R. (2011). Critical discourse analysis and its critics. Pragmatics, 21, 493-525. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.21.4.01bre
  • Bevir, M., & Blakely, J. (2018). Interpretive social science: An anti-naturalist approach. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Blair, J. A. (2010). ISSA Proceedings 2010 - Logic in the Pragma-Dialectical Theory. Rozenberg Quarterly. Retrieved from http://rozenbergquarterly.com/issa-proceedings-2010-logic-in-the-pragma-dialectical-theory/
  • Cengiz, K., & Küçükural, Ö. (2018). Sabitleyici bir tartışma (argümantasyon) pratiği olarak erkeklik. Toplum ve Bilim, 145, 32-54.
  • Çalışkan, O. (2019). Politik argümantasyonun temellendirilmesinde ortak kanaatlere başvurma: Cumhur ittifakı argümanlarına yönelik bir inceleme. İnsan ve İnsan, 6(19), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.462678
  • Fairclough, I. (2017). Deliberative discourse. In J. Flowerdew & J. E. Richardson (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies (pp. 242-256). London, UK: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, I., & Fairclough, N. (2012). Political discourse analysis: A method for advanced students. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, N. (2009). A dialectical-relational approach to critical discourse analysis in social research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 162-187). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. New York, USA: Routledge.
  • Fairclough, I., & Mădroane, I. D. (2016). ISSA Proceedings 2014 - An argumentative approach to policy ‘framing’. Competing ‘frames’ and policy conflict in the Roşia Montană case. Rozenberg Quarterly. Retrieved from http://rozenbergquarterly.com/issa-proceedings-2014-an-argumentative-approach-to-policy-framing-competing-frames-and-policy-conflict-in-the-rosia-montana-case/
  • Fogelin, R. (2005). The logic of deep disagreements. Informal Logic, 25, 1-8.
  • Gerritsen, S. (2001). Unexpressed premises. In F. H. van Eemeren (Ed.), Crucial concepts in argumentation theory (pp. 56-84). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Sic Sat.
  • Gilbert, M. A. (1995). Coalescent argumentation. Argumentation, 9, 837-852.
  • Greco Morasso, S. (2012). Contextual frames and their argumentative implications: A case study in media argumentation. Discourse Studies, 14, 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445611433636
  • Gürsoy, B. (2013). Tüketi̇mi̇n esteti̇ği̇ ve medya: “Bugün ne gi̇ysem” programı üzeri̇nden bi̇r değerlendi̇rme. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 85-98.
  • Hamblin, C. L. (1970). Fallacies. London, UK: Methuen.
  • Jackson, S. (1992). “Virtual standpoints” and the pragmatics of conversational argument. In F. H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, J. A. Blair, & C. A. Willard (Eds.), Argumentation illuminated (pp. 260-269). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Sic Sat.
  • Jäger, S., & Maier, F. (2009). Theoretical and methodological aspects of Foucauldian critical discourse analysis and dispositive analysis. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 32-61). London, UK: Sage.
  • Jørgensen, M. W., & Phillips, L. J. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London, UK: Sage.
  • Keeney L. R. (1992). Value-focused thinking: A path to creative decision making. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.
  • Kim, J. (2014). Interactivity, user-generated content and video game: an ethnographic study of Animal Crossing: Wild World. Continuum, 28(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2014.893984
  • Kurtuldu, B. (2019). Douglas Walton’ın argüman biçimleri yaklaşımı. Felsefe Arkivi, 51, 161-178.
  • Lewiński, M. (2018). Practical argumentation in the making: Discursive construction of reasons for action. S. Oswald, T. Herman, J. Jacquin (Eds.), Argumentation and Language - Linguistic, Cognitive and Discursive Explorations (pp. 219-241). Cham: Springer.
  • Lewiński, M., & Mohammed, D. (2016). Argumentation theory. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect198
  • Nabers, D. (2009). Filling the void of meaning: Identity construction in US foreign policy after September 11, 2001. Foreign Policy Analysis, 5, 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2009.00089.x
  • O’Toole, M. M. (2004). Opera Ludentes: the Sydney Opera House at work and play. In K. O'Halloran (Ed.), Multimodal discourse analysis: Systemic functional perspectives (pp. 11-27). London, UK: Continuum.
  • Perelman, C. (2012). The new rhetoric and the humanities: Essays on rhetoric and its applications. New York, USA: Springer.
  • Perelman, C., & Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1969). The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation. Notre Dame, France: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2001). The discourse-historical approach. In R. Wodak & Meyer, M. (Eds.), Methods for critical discourse analysis (pp. 87-121). London, UK: Sage.
  • Rommetveit, R. (1974). On message structure: A framework for the study of language and communication. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Rigotti, E., & Greco Moraso, S. (2010). Comparing the Argumentum Model of Topics to other contemporary approaches to Argument Schemes: The procedural and material components. Argumentation, 24, 489-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-010-9190-7
  • Schiappa, E. (2003). Defining reality: Definitions and the politics of meaning. Carbondale, Edwardsville: SIU Press.
  • Scollon, R. (2001). Action and text: Towards an integrated understanding of the place of text in social (inter)action, Mediated Discourse analysis and the Problem of Social Action. In R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods for critical discourse analysis (pp. 139-183). London, UK: Sage.
  • Searle, J. R., & Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Seçkin Kapucu, M., & Türk, H. (2019). Güncel bilimsel haberlerin Toulmin argüman modeline göre incelenmesi ve öğrencilerin argüman düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 1119-1144.
  • Snoeck-Henkemans, A. (2003). Complex argumentation in a critical discussion. Argumentation, 17, 405-419. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026390419589
  • Şah, U. (2012). Andımızı okumak: Bir aracılı söylem analizi çalışması. In S. Arkonaç (Ed.), Söylem çalışmaları. İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel.
  • Tindale, C. W. (2015). The philosophy of argument and audience reception. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Toulmin, S. (2003). Uses of argument. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Üzelgün, M. A. (2015). Sosyal temsil çalışmaları için sistematik bir yöntem olarak argüman analizi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 35, 71-90.
  • Üzelgün, M. A., Mohammed, D., Lewiński, M., & Castro, P. (2015). Managing disagreement through yes, but… constructions: An argumentative analysis. Discourse Studies, 17, 467-484. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445615578965
  • Üzelgün, M. A., & Pereira, J. R. (2020). Beyond the co-production of technology and society: The discursive treatment of technology with regard to near-term and long-term environmental goals. Technology in Society, 61, 101244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101244
  • van Benthem, J. (2009). One logician's perspective on argumentation. Cogency, 1, 1-16.
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse & Society, 17(3), 359-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 349-371). Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell.
  • van Eemeren, F. H. (2009). Argumentation theory after the New Rhetoric. L’analisi Linguistica e Letteraria, 17, 119-148.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., & Grootendorst, R. (2004). A systematic theory of argumentation: The pragma-dialectical approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., & Kruiger, T. (2019). Handbook of argumentation theory: A critical survey of classical backgrounds and modern studies (Vol. 7). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., & Henkemans, A. F. S. (2002). Argumentation: Analysis, evaluation, presentation. London, UK: Routledge.
  • van Eemeren, F. H., & Houtlosser, P. (2006). Strategic maneuvering: A synthetic recapitulation. Argumentation, 20(4), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-007-9037-z
  • Wagemans, J. H. (2019). Four basic argument forms. Research in Language, 17, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.2478/rela-2019-0005
  • Walton, D., Reed, C., & Macagno, F. (2008). Argumentation schemes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wenzel, J. W. (2006). Three perspectives on argument: Rhetoric, dialectic, logic. In R. Trapp & J. Schuetz (Eds.), Perspectives on argumentation: Essays in honor of Wayne Brockriede (pp. 9-26). New York, USA: Idebate Press.
  • Wodak, R. (2011). The Discourse of politics in action: Politics as usual. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). “The discourse-historical approach”. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 63-94). London, UK: Sage.
  • Zarefsky, D. (2014). Rhetorical perspectives on argumentation: Selected essays by David Zarefsky (Vol. 24). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Ali Üzelgün This is me 0000-0003-4426-9055

Önder Küçükural This is me 0000-0002-6495-8723

Rahmi Oruç This is me 0000-0003-2350-5063

Publication Date January 18, 2021
Submission Date July 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 59

Cite

APA Üzelgün, M. A., Küçükural, Ö., & Oruç, R. (2021). Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences(59), 265-297. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666
AMA Üzelgün MA, Küçükural Ö, Oruç R. Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. January 2021;(59):265-297. doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666
Chicago Üzelgün, Mehmet Ali, Önder Küçükural, and Rahmi Oruç. “Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi Ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin Bir Karşılaştırması”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 59 (January 2021): 265-97. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666.
EndNote Üzelgün MA, Küçükural Ö, Oruç R (January 1, 2021) Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 59 265–297.
IEEE M. A. Üzelgün, Ö. Küçükural, and R. Oruç, “Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması”, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 59, pp. 265–297, January 2021, doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666.
ISNAD Üzelgün, Mehmet Ali et al. “Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi Ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin Bir Karşılaştırması”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 59 (January 2021), 265-297. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666.
JAMA Üzelgün MA, Küçükural Ö, Oruç R. Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2021;:265–297.
MLA Üzelgün, Mehmet Ali et al. “Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi Ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin Bir Karşılaştırması”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 59, 2021, pp. 265-97, doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0666.
Vancouver Üzelgün MA, Küçükural Ö, Oruç R. Argüman Analizinde Dört Yaklaşım: Toulmin Modeli, Pragma-Diyalektik, Politik Söylem Analizi ve Argüman Kaynakları Modelinin bir Karşılaştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2021(59):265-97.