Avrupa’da Refah Devleti Çözünürken Uluslararası Göç ve Yeni Sağın Yükselişi: İsveç ve Almanya Örnekleri

Abstract

Makale, refah devletinin tarihsel gelişimi ile küreselleşme arasındaki bağlamsal ilişkiyi ortaya koyarak, Avrupa özelinde ekonomik krizlerle çok kültürcülükten aşırı sağa savrulan siyasal söylem ile refah devleti ve uluslararası göç arasındaki ilişkiyi görünür kılmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma öncelikle refah devletinin tarihsel gelişimi ve küreselleşme arasındaki bağlantıları kuracak, ardından üretimin esnekleştiği, sermayenin serbest dolaşımının arttığı ve tüketimin küreselleştiği günümüzde refah devleti tartışmasında yaşanan ideolojik ve kavramsal kaymayı belirleyecek, ardından uluslararası göçün refah devletine olan somut etkileri ve refah devleti ve göç politikası arasındaki ilişkiyi tartışacaktır. Bu tartışmaya somut örnek olarak göç alan ve sırasıyla sosyal demokrat ve muhafazakâr refah devletleri rejimlerine örnek olarak gösterilen İsveç ve Almaya örneklerinde refah devleti, göç politikası ve sağın yükselişi incelenecektir. Sonuçta aşırı sağ söylemin, refah devletinin küçülmesi ile güvencesizleşen kitlelerin değişim isteği ile neoliberal söylem içinde bu isteği dile getirecek ideolojik ve kavramsal kısıtlarının çakışması içinde geliştiği savlanacaktır.

International Migration and Rise of the New Right in the Era of Shrinking of Welfare State in Europe: Examples of Sweden and Germany

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the relation between welfare state, international migration and political discourse that has been shifted from multi-culturalizm to far right. It reviews the historical relations between welfare state, capitalism and globalisation, ascertain the relations between the contemporary ideological shift and flexible production, capital mobility and globalization of consumption. After discussing the effects of international migration on welfare state and relations between welfare state and migration policy, it will focus on two immigration countries Sweden and Germany as examples of social democrat and conservative welfare state models respectively. The study concludes by discussing the rise of far right movements in relation to shrinking of welfare states and precarization of masses, and conceptual limitation of neoliberal discourse for defining people’s demand for change.

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