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WHY DID THE UNITED STATES NOT DECLARE A DIRECT WAR AGAINST THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR? A STUDY ON THE AMERICAN CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
Abstract
The First World War was one of the breaking points of the 20th century. The war
lasted longer than anticipated, giving rise to results that would reshape the world map. The
US foreign policy that has changed with this war and the effects of its politics on Europe and
the Middle East carry a great importance for the history studies. Before and after the World
War I, the US closely followed the policies of the Cental Powers, and the relevant units of the
State Depertmant made a lot of research and prepared confidential reports on the Central
Powers. The Ottoman Empire, together with Germany, was a part of the Central forces. In
1917, the US waged war against Germany, thus took its role in the First World War. It was
unclear whether the United States would declare a war on Germany’s Allies in the same way
when it declared against Germany. Several discussions were held on how to set a strategy for
this. In spite of the pressure of the Allies, particularly Britain, the US did not declare war on
the Ottoman Empire. The study will investigate what were the reasons for this and was not
declaring war on Ottoman Empire part of US’s future Middle East policy.
Keywords
References
- The United States National Archives and Records (NARA), M923-Records of the American Section of the Supreme War Council.
- The United States National Archives and Records (NARA), M367-Records of the Department of State Relating to World War I and its Termination, 1914-1929.
- DeBruyne, Nese F., “American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics,” Congressional Research Service CRS Report, 7-5700 / RL32492, 2018.
- DURU, Orhan, Amerikan Gizli Belgeleriyle Türkiye’nin Kurtuluş Yılları, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, İstanbul 2011.
- AKALIN, Durmuş Cemil Çelik, “XIX.Yüzyılda Doğu Akdeniz’de İngiliz-Fransız Rekabeti ve Osmanli Devleti”, Turkish Studies, Cilt:7 Sayı: 3, Yaz 2012, s. 21-45.
- BOZKURT, İbrahim, “Tanin Gazetesi’ne Göre I. Dünya Savaşı’nın Başlama ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin Savaşa Giriş Süreci”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Yıl: 5, Sayı: 22, Nisan 2018, s. 239-265.
- CRİSS, Nur Bilge, George Harris, Studies in Atatürk’s Turkey, The American Dimension, Brill Yayınevi, Sayı.40, Boston 2009, s. 109.
- ÇELİK, Akın, “Osmanlı Devleti’nin Fiilen I. Dünya Savaşı’na Girişinin Kamuoyuna Yansıması ve Toplumsal Tepkiler”, Tarih Okulu Dergisi, sayı 25, Mart 2016, s. 231-267.
Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Tuğçe Kaya
0000-0001-8423-7547
Austria
Publication Date
December 25, 2019
Submission Date
February 12, 2019
Acceptance Date
December 17, 2019
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 19 Number: 39