AMERİKAN BOARD’UN ÇİN FAALİYETLERİ VE SUN YAT-SEN

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 44, 409 - 443, 25.10.2022

Füsun Çoban Döşkaya Halim Onur Andaç

Abstract

Kısaca Amerikan Board olarak bilinen Amerika Yabancı Misyon Temsilcileri
Birliği (ABCFM) on dokuzuncu yüzyıl içinde ABD’nin önde gelen Protestan misyonerlik
örgütlerinden birisiydi. Bu çalışma Çin tarihi açısından büyük öneme sahip olan Amerikan
Board’un Çin’de yürüttüğü misyonerlik faaliyetleri hakkındadır. Çalışmada ayrıca Çin
anakarası içinde cereyan eden ve Asya-Pasifik bölgesel politikalarının kısmi temelini
oluşturan, misyonerlik çalışmalarının tarihi hakkında bilgi verilmekte, bunların ne amaç
ile yapıldıklarına ve sonuçlarına bakılmaktadır. Amerikan Board’un Çin’deki faaliyetlerini
sınırlayabilmek amacıyla çalışma içinde Board’un Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925) üzerindeki etkisi
üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çin Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk lideri olan Sun Yat-Sen, binlerce yıllık
hanedanlık yönetimine son veren Çin Cumhuriyeti’nin “kurucu babası” olarak bilinmektedir.
Modern Çin’in en büyük liderlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Misyoner okullarında
eğitim almış Amerikan Board misyonerlerince vaftiz edilmiştir. Hayatı boyunca misyonerlerin
etkisinde kalmış olsa da hayatının sonunda Amerika’nın kendisini hayal kırıklığına
uğrattığını düşünmüştür. Çalışmada Amerikan Board’un Çin’de ne kadar etkili bir örgüt
olduğu Sun Yat-Sen örneği üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Sonuçta, Sun Yat-Sen Batı
tarzı eğitimi almış bir Hristiyan ve Amerikan vatandaşı olarak bir misyonerlik ürünüdür ve
ülkesinde gelebileceği en üst makama gelmiştir.

Keywords

Amerikan Board (ABCFM), Misyonerlik Faaliyetleri, Çin, Sun Yat- Sen, Charles Robert Hager, İngiltere, Havai

AMERICAN BOARD ACTIVITIES IN CHINA AND SUN YAT-SEN

Abstract

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), shortly known
as the American Board, was one of the leading Protestant missionary organizations in the
United States in the nineteenth century. This study concentrates on the American Board’s
missionary activities in China, which have great importance in terms of China’s history.
The study also provides information about the history of missionary work that took place
within mainland China and formed a partial basis of the regional policies of the Asia-Pacific
region and concentrates on their purpose and results. In this study, to limit the American
Board’s activities in China, only its impact on Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925) has been focused
on. Sun Yat-Sen was the first provisional President of the Republic of China and is widely
known as the “founding father” of the Republic of China, which ended thousands of years
of dynastic rule. He is considered one of the most outstanding leaders of modern China. He
attended missionary schools and was baptized by American Board missionaries. Although
missionaries influenced him throughout his life, he thought the USA had failed him before he
died. This study aims to show how effective the American Board was in China through the
example of Sun Yat-Sen. After all, as a Christian and an American citizen with a Western-style
education, Sun Yat-Sen is a missionary product and has come to the highest position possible
in his country.

Keywords

American Board (ABCFM), Missionary Activities, China, Sun Yat-Sen, Charles Robert Hager, England, Hawaii

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