Research Article

Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna

Volume: 29 Number: 3 December 15, 2025
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Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of the concept of Sunna in the early history of Islamic thought, tracing its transformation from a normative framework representing the practices of the Prophet Ḥażrat Muḥammad to a collective sectarian identity known as Ahl al-Sunna. This transformation is analyzed from a historical and conceptual perspective, considering the impact of political and doctrinal debates. This research explores how the Sunna was utilized as a tool of legitimacy in Umayyad and early ʿAbbāsid politics during the first three centuries of the Hijri calendar, how it generated an ideological discourse through its association with the concepts of bid’a and jamāʿa, and how this discourse became institutionalized through the hadith muṣannafāt. The significance of this study lies in its illumination of the capacity for historical transformation within Islamic thought, demonstrating how a religious concept evolved into a superordinate identity that defined social belonging under political, social, and theological pressure. The primary objective of this article is to elucidate the roles of political authority, the ulema, and social opposition in the transformation of the Sunna into an identity-building force, using concrete data. It aims to shed light on the historical and intellectual background that facilitated the emergence of the Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jamāʿa composition and examine the political-scientific dynamics from a multi-layered perspective. To achieve this goal, a historical-conceptual analysis was employed within the framework of qualitative research methods, and early hadith collections, firaq, and kalam literature, and modern academic studies were examined comparatively. The primary findings of this research indicate that during the Muʿāwiya period, the concept of Sunna became pivotal in the rhetoric used to isolate political opposition by labeling it as bid’a and promoting obedience to the central authority or community. Second, ‘Umar b. Abd al-’Abd al-’Aziz’s initiative to compile hadiths through state-sponsored efforts represented a significant milestone in the institutionalization of the Sunna as an official reference source. Thirdly, the experience of the Mihna during the ʿAbbāsid period, particularly as embodied by Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, established the defense of the Sunna as the foundation of a doctrinal stance and identity. Finally, in the third century AH, the ahl al-ḥadīth identified themselves with the jamāʿa, leading to the development of a systematic doctrine and framework of belonging under the designation Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jamāʿa. In conclusion, the semantic framework of the Sunna was influenced not only by theological imperatives but also by the dynamics of political legitimacy struggles and identity formation. From this perspective, this study offers a methodological contribution by presenting an interdisciplinary model that elucidates how religious concepts are transformed through discourses of power.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hadith

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 15, 2025

Submission Date

July 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 29 Number: 3

APA
Korucu Güven, S. (2025). Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 29(3), 222-238. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744283
AMA
1.Korucu Güven S. Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna. CUID. 2025;29(3):222-238. doi:10.18505/cuid.1744283
Chicago
Korucu Güven, Sema. 2025. “Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl Al-Sunna”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29 (3): 222-38. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744283.
EndNote
Korucu Güven S (December 1, 2025) Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29 3 222–238.
IEEE
[1]S. Korucu Güven, “Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna”, CUID, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 222–238, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.18505/cuid.1744283.
ISNAD
Korucu Güven, Sema. “Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl Al-Sunna”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29/3 (December 1, 2025): 222-238. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744283.
JAMA
1.Korucu Güven S. Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna. CUID. 2025;29:222–238.
MLA
Korucu Güven, Sema. “Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl Al-Sunna”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 222-38, doi:10.18505/cuid.1744283.
Vancouver
1.Sema Korucu Güven. Political Discourse and Sectarian Identity: The Transformation Process of the Concept of Sunna into Ahl al-Sunna. CUID. 2025 Dec. 1;29(3):222-38. doi:10.18505/cuid.1744283