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Dini Tutum, Paranormal İnanç ve Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi İlişkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 914 - 934, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1521799

Abstract

Bu araştırmada dini tutum, paranormal inanç ve eleştirel düşünme eğilimi arasındaki ilişkiler incelenerek bu ilişkiler arasındaki değişkenler anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma nicel desenli ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi ve Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’nin ilahiyat, eğitim ve sağlık bilimleri/tıp fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 626 gönüllü katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veriler, katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine ilişkin kişisel bilgi formu ile Ok-Dini Tutum Ölçeği, Paranormal İnanç Ölçeği ve Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği kullanılarak sahada anket yöntemi vasıtasıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri yapmak için IBM SPSS Statistics-26 kullanılmış; değişkenler arası ilişkileri belirlemek maksadıyla korelasyon ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada dini tutum ile paranormal inanç arasında pozitif yönde (r=0.418; p=0.000) anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiş olup bununla birlikte dini tutumun paranormal inançtaki değişimin yaklaşık %17’sini (Düzeltilmiş R2=0,173) açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, dini tutumun paranormal inancı destekleyen önemli bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Dini tutum ile eleştirel düşünme eğilimi arasındaki ilişkide anlamlı bir ilişki olmayıp dini tutum eleştirel düşünme eğilimindeki değişimin yaklaşık %1’ini (Düzeltilmiş R2=0,003) açıkladığı görülmektedir. Eleştirel düşünme eğilimi ile paranormal inanç ilişkisinde düşük düzeyde negatif ilişkilerin olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-0.111, p<0,05). Eleştirel düşünme eğilimi paranormal inançtaki değişimin yaklaşık %1’ini (Düzeltilmiş R2=0,009) açıklamaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde dini tutum ile paranormal inanç arasında pozitif bir sonuç beklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda sonuçların literatüre uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Araştırma verilerine dayanarak dini tutum ile paranormal inancın benzer insan deneyimlerinden kaynaklı tıpkı dini tecrübeler gibi addedildiği bu sebeple aralarında yüksek korelasyon olduğu ifade edilebilir. Eleştirel düşünme eğiliminin paranormal inançla olan negatif ilişkisi eleştirel düşünme eğilimine sahip bireylerin şüpheci yaklaşıma sahip olmasıyla ilgili olabilecekken bu oranın oldukça düşük düzeyde olması ise düşündürücüdür. Ancak literatürde üniversite öğrencilerinin bu tür paranormal fenomenlere olan eğiliminin yüksek çıkması sonuçların literatüre uygunluk gösterdiğine işaret etmektedir. Son olarak bu ilişkiler Batı toplum yapısı ile Doğu arasındaki ayrımlardan kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Zira Uzak doğu örneklerinde din ve paranormal iç içe geçmiştir ancak Batıda bu ikisi arasında keskin ayrımlar söz konusudur. Benzer şekilde Türk toplumunda dini tutuma sahip olmak eleştirel düşünebilmenin önünde bir engel teşkil etmiyor olabilir. Ancak çalışmalardaki çeşitlilik ve farklı sonuçların ortaya çıkması yeni çalışmaların yapılmasına olan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı örneklemler ve değişkenlerle yapılacak sonuçlar bu ilişkilerin nedenleri ve sonuçlarına yönelik daha doğru yaklaşımları ortaya koyacaktır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Doç. Dr. Sema Yılmaz danışmanlığında 10 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde tamamlanan “Dindarlık Paranormal İnanç İlişkisinde Eleştirel Düşünmenin Rolü” başlıklı doktora tezi esas alınarak hazırlanmıştır.

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The Relations Between Religious Attitudes, Paranormal Beliefs And Critical Thinking Disposition: A Study Among Undergraduate Students

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 914 - 934, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1521799

Abstract

In this study, the relationships between religious attitudes, paranormal beliefs and critical thinking tendency were examined and the variables between these relationships were tried to be understood. The study was prepared with quantitative design and relational survey method. The sample of the study consisted of 626 volunteer participants studying at the faculties of theology, education and health sciences/medicine of Sivas Cumhuriyet University and Dokuz Eylül University. The data were collected through a personal information form regarding the demographic characteristics of the participants and a field survey method using the Ok-Religious Attitude Scale, Paranormal Belief Scale and Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. IBM SPSS Statistics-26 was used to analyze the data obtained; correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the direction and degree of relationships between variables. In the study, a significant positive relationship was found between religious attitude and paranormal belief (r=0.418; p=0.000), and it was determined that religious attitude explained approximately 17% of the change in paranormal belief (Adjusted R2=0.173). These findings reveal that religious attitude is an important factor supporting paranormal belief. There was no significant relationship between religious attitude and critical thinking disposition, and religious attitude explained approximately 1% (Adjusted R2=0.003) of the change in critical thinking disposition. There was a low level negative relationship between critical thinking disposition and paranormal belief (r=-0.111, p<0.05). Critical thinking disposition explains approximately 1% of the change in paranormal belief (Adjusted R2=0.009). When the literature is examined, a positive result is expected between religious attitude and paranormal belief. In this context, it can be said that the results are in line with the literature. Based on the research data, it can be stated that religious attitude and paranormal beliefs are considered to be just like religious experiences due to similar human experiences, so there is a high correlation between them. While the negative relationship between critical thinking tendency and paranormal beliefs may be related to the fact that individuals with critical thinking tendency have a skeptical approach, the fact that this rate is quite low is thought-provoking. However, the high tendency of university students towards such paranormal phenomena in the literature indicates that the results are in line with the literature. Finally, these relationships may be due to the differences between the Western social structure and the East. In the Far East, religion and the paranormal are intertwined, but in the West, there are sharp distinctions between these two. Similarly, having a religious attitude in Turkish society may not be an obstacle to critical thinking. However, the diversity in the studies and the emergence of different results reveal the need for new studies. Results with different samples and variables will reveal more accurate approaches to the causes and consequences of these relationships.

References

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  • Clobert, Magali - Saroglou, Vassilis. “Religion, Paranormal Beliefs, and Distrust in Science: Comparing East versus West”. Archive for the Psychology of Religion 37/2 (2015), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1163/15736121- 12341302
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology of Religion
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Halit Kalli 0000-0001-8052-1209

Sema Yılmaz 0000-0001-5076-1500

Publication Date December 15, 2024
Submission Date July 27, 2024
Acceptance Date December 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Kalli, Halit - Yılmaz, Sema. “Dini Tutum, Paranormal İnanç Ve Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi İlişkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 28/2 (December 2024), 914-934. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1521799.