HUME’UN İNANÇ FELSEFESİ: DİNİ İNANÇ, DOĞAL İNANÇ MIDIR?

Year 2024, , 29 - 44, 30.06.2024

Emine Göçer

https://doi.org/10.30627/cuilah.1445242

Abstract

Erken Modern Dönem felsefesinde karşılaştığımız inanç politikaları arasında Hume’un doğal inanç kavramı, anlaşılması problemli bir alan olarak bilinir. Hume, his ve duyum temelli bir inanç kavramı geliştirse de bunu empirist bir yöntem olarak değerlendirmenin, şüpheciliği ile birlikte düşünüldüğünde tartışmalı olması, geliştirdiği yöntemi çıkarımsal bir yöntem olarak nitelemesinden ziyade doğal bir eğilim ve alışkanlık olarak görmesi ile ilişkilidir. Hume’un geliştirdiği doğal inancın epistemik bir temeli olup olmadığı bu makalenin temel hedeflerinden biri olmakla birlikte, dini inancı, doğal inanç olarak değerlendirip değerlendirmediğini belirlemek, bu makalenin ikincil hedefleri arasında yer alır. Savunumuz, Hume’un doğal inancı duyguya dayalı epistemik olmayan bir inanç biçimi, dini inancı ise doğal inanç olarak ele aldığı yönündedir. Çalışmamızda Hume’a göre doğal inanç ve dini inanç kavramlarının nasıl anlaşıldığı ortaya konmuş, bu kavramlarla ilgili tartışmalara yer verilmiş ve ona göre dini inancın doğal inanç olduğu yönünde bir kanaate ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

din felsefesi, rasyonellik, doğal inanç, dini inanç, hume

Hume's Philosophy of Belief: Is Religious Belief Natural Belief?

Abstract

Among the politics of belief that we encounter in Early Modern Philosophy, Hume's concept of natural belief is known as a problematic area to understand. Although Hume develops a concept of belief based on sensation and sensation, the fact that it is controversial to consider it as an empiricist method when considered together with his scepticism is related to the fact that he sees the method he develops as a natural tendency and habit rather than an inferential method. Whether Hume's natural belief has an epistemic basis or not is one of the main goals of this article, while determining whether he considers religious belief as natural belief or not is among the secondary goals of this article. Our argument is that Hume treats natural belief as a non-epistemic form of belief based on emotion, and religious belief as natural belief. In our study, how the concepts of natural belief and religious belief are understood according to Hume is presented, discussions about these concepts are included, and a conclusion is reached that religious belief is natural belief according to him.

Keywords

Philosophy of Religion, Rationality, Natural Belief, Religious Belief, Hume

References

• Abdollahi, Siamak ve Mansour Nasiri. “Hume’s Fideism; Towards His Mysticism.” Journal of Philosophical Theological Research, 25:1 (2023): 29-52.
• Armstrong, David. Belief, Truth and Knowledge. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
• Bell, Martin. “Hume on The Nature and Existence of God.” A Companion To Hume, ed.Elizabeth Radcliffe, 338-352. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
• Bertrand Russell. A History of Western Philosophy. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1945.
• Butler, Ronald. “Natural Belief and the Enigma of Hume”. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 42:1 (1960): 73-100.
• Costelloe, Timothy. “In Every Civilized Community: Hume on Belief Demise of The Religion”. International of Philosophy of Religion, 55:3 (2004): 171-185.
• Deniz, Osman Murat. Akıl İman İlişkisi Açısından Fideizm. Bursa: Emin Yayınları, 2012.
• Fogelin, Robert. Hume’s Presence in The Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
• Gaskin, John C. Addison. “God, Hume and Natural Belief”. Philosophy, 49:189 (1974): 281-294.
• Hanson, Delbert. Fideism and Hume’s Philosophy: Knowledge, Religion and Metaphysics. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1993.
• Hodges, Michael ve John Lachs. “Hume on Belief”. The Review of Metaphysics, 30:1 (1976): 3-18.
• Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. ed. David Fate Norton ve Mary Norton, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
• Hume, David. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and Other Writings. ed. Dorothy Coleman, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
• Hume, David. Din Üstüne. çev. Mete Tunçay, Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 2004.
• Hume, David. Dissertation on the Passions: The Natural History of Religon: A Critical Edition. ed. Tom Beauchamp, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
• Hume, David. Essays, Moral, Political and Literary. ed. Tom Beauchamp, London: Oxford University Press, 2021.
• Hume, David. İnsanın Anlama Yetisi Üzerine Bir Soruşturma. çev. Ferit Burak Aydar, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2017.
• Kails, P.J.Y.. “Understanding Hume’s Natural History of Religion”. The Philsophical Quarterly, 57:227 (2007):190-211.
• Leicester, Jonathan. “The Nature and Purpose of Belief”. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 29:3 (2008): 217-237.
• McCormick, Miriam. “Hume on Natural Belief and Original Principles”. Hume Studies, 19:1 (1993): 103-116.
• Passmore, John. Hume’s Intentions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952.
• Penelhum, Terence. “Hume on Religion: Cultural Influences”. A Companion To Hume. ed.Elizabeth Radcliffe, 323-337. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
• Penelhum, Terence.“Natural Belief and Religious Belief in Hume’s Philosophy”. The Philosophical Quarterly, 33:131 (1983): 166-181.
• Penelhum, Terence. God and Skepticism: A Study in Skepticism and Fideism. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1983.
• Plato. Teaetetus. İng. çev. John McDowell, London: Oxford University Press, 2014.
• Popkin, Richard. The History of Skepticism: From Savonarola to Bayle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
• Richman, Kenneth. “Empiricism, Natural Belief and The New Hume”. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 12:4 (1995), 425-441.
• Seppalainen, Tom ve Angela Coventry. “Hume’s Empiricist Inner Epistemology: A Reassesment of The Copy Principle”. The Continuum Companion to Hume. ed. Alan Bailey ve Dan O’Brien, NewYork: Continuum, 2012.
• Smith, Norman Kemp. Philosophy of David Hume: A Critical Study of Its Origins and Central Doctrines. New York: Plagrave Macmillan, 2005.
• Stroud, Barry. The Empiricists: Critical Essays on Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Lanham, MD: Rowman ve Littlefield, 1999.
• Thompson, Dennis. “Hume’s Skepticism”. Doktora Tezi; University of Masschusetts, 1998.
• Tweyman, Stanley. Scepticism and Belief In Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1986.
• Winkler, Kenneth. “The New Hume”. The Philosophical Review, 100:4 (1991): 541-579.
• Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. London: Routledge Classics, 2002.
• Yandell, Keith. “Hume’s Explanation of Religious Belief”. Hume Studies, 5:2 (1979): 94-109.