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6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri: Sahadan Jeolojik Veriler, Değerlendirme ve Adana için Etkileri

Year 2023, , 553 - 569, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1334155

Abstract

6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta yerel saat ile 04:17 ile 13:24 de yaklaşık 9 saat ara ile gerçekleşen 2 büyük depremin (Mw 7.8 ve 7.6) ardından sahadan jeolojik veriler derlenmiş ve oluşan deformasyon yapıları incelenmiştir. Depremlerin etkilediği Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Adıyaman ve Adana yörelerinde meydana gelen yüzey yırtılmaları belirlenmiş, bunların yönelimi, kayma yönü, atımı gibi unsurlar ile heyelan, kaya devrilmesi gibi yüzey hareketleri detayları ile raporlanmıştır. Depremlerin ardından Doğu Anadolu Fayı’nın güney segmentleri boyunca oluşan yüzey yırtılmasının izleri sahada gözlenmiş ve sol yönlü ortalama 3.5 metre sol yönlü atım tespit edilmiştir. Düşey atım 1 metreye kadar ulaşmakla beraber genellikle kuzey blok yükselmiştir. Fay yüzey kırığının yönelimi İslahiye civarında K10°D iken Türkoğlu kuzeydoğusunda K45°-50°D yönelimine geçmektedir. İkinci depremin meydana geldiği Çardak Fayı üzerinde Göksun ilçesi güneydoğu kesimlerinde ortalama 3.5 metre civarında sol yönlü atım belirlenmiştir. Depremlerin ardından Adana çevresinde meydana gelen daha küçük çaplı yüzey deformasyonları incelenmiş ve Adana’nın geçmiş dönem depremselliği ile beraber değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır.

References

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  • 4. Deprem Kataloğu, https://deprem.afad.gov.tr /event-catalog Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 2023
  • 5. M 7.8 - Pazarcik earthquake, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence USGS, 2023. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/executive Erişim tarihi: Mart 2023.
  • 6. KRDAE, 2023. Kahramanmaraş - Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 (04:17 GMT+03:00) Strong Ground Motion and Building Damage Estimations Preliminary Report (v6), 42.
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  • 11. Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Şaroğlu, F., Olgun, Ş., Elmacı, H., Çan, T., 2016. Active Fault Database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-47.
  • 12. Herece, E., 2008. Doğu Anadolu Fayı (DAF) Atlası. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. Special Publications. Ankara, Serial Number, 13, 359.
  • 13. Westaway, R., 2003. Kinematics of The Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean Updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12, 5-46.
  • 14. Koç, A., 2005. Remote Sensing Study of Sürgü Fault Zone (Malatya, Turkey). Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), Ankara, 90.
  • 15. Sunkar, M., Günek, H., Canpolat, C., 2008. Kurucaova ve Yakın Çevresinin (Malatya) Jeomorfolojisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 1-22.
  • 16. Koç, A., Kaymakcı, N., 2013. Kinematics of Sürgü Fault Zone (Malatya, Turkey): A remote sensing study. Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 292-307.
  • 17. Balkaya, M., Özden, S., Akyüz, H.S., 2021. Morphometric and Morphotectonic Characteristics of Sürgü and Çardak Faults (East Anatolian Fault Zone). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 375-392
  • 18. Soysal, H., Sipahioğlu, S., Kolçak, D., Altınok Y., 1981. Türkiye ve Çevresinin Tarihsel Deprem Kataloğu. TUBITAK, Proje no. TBAG 341, İstanbul, 86.
  • 19. Okuwaki, R., Yagi, Y., Taymaz, T., Hicks, S., 2023. Multi-scale Rupture Growth with Alternating Directions in a Complex Fault Network During the 2023 South-eastern Türkiye and Syria Earthquake Doublet. Geophysical Research Letters, 50.
  • 20. Reitman, N.G., Briggs, R.W, Barnhart, W.D., Thompson, J.A., DuRoss, C.B., Hatem, A.E., Gold, R.D., Mejstrik, J.D., 2023. Preliminary Fault Rupture Mapping of the 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 Türkiye Earthquakes.
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  • 22. Abercrombie, R.E., Antolik, M., Ekström, G., 2003. The June 2000 M w 7.9 Earthquakes South of Sumatra: Deformation in the India-Australia Plate. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 108(B1), ESE 6-1-ESE 6-16.
  • 23. Okuwaki, R., Fan, W., 2022. Oblique Convergence Causes Both Thrust and Strike-Slip Ruptures During the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti Earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(2), 1-12.
  • 24. Bao, H., Ampuero, J.P., Meng, L., Fielding, E. Liang, C., Milliner, C., Feng, T., Huang, H., 2019. Early and Persistent Supershear Rupture of the 2018 Magnitude 7.5 Palu Earthquake. Nature Geoscience. 12.
  • 25. Socquet, A., Hollingsworth, J., Pathier, E., Bouchon, M., 2019. Evidence of Supershear During the 2018 Magnitude 7.5 Palu Earthquake from Space Geodesy. Nature Geoscience. 12.
  • 26. Nissen, E., Elliott, J.R., Sloan, R.A., Craig, T.J., Funning, G.J., Hutko, A., Parsons, B.E., Wright, T.J., 2016. Limitations of Rupture Forecasting Exposed by in Stantaneously Triggered Earthquake Doublet. Nat. Geosci., 9(4), 330-336.
  • 27. Fan, W., Shearer, P.M., 2016. Local Near Instantaneously Dynamically Triggered Aftershocks of Large Earthquakes. Science, 353(6304), 1133-1136.
  • 28. Hicks, S.P., Okuwaki, R., Steinberg, A., Rychert, C. A., Harmon, N., Abercrombie, R. E., Bogiatzis, P., Schlaphorst, D., Zahradnik, J., Kendall, J., Yagi, Y., Shimizu, K., Sudhaus, H., 2020. Back-propagating Supershear Rupture in the 2016 Mw 7.1 Romanche Transform Fault Earthquake. Nat. Geosci., 13(9), 647-653.
  • 29. Vallée, M., Xie, Y., Grandin, R., Villegas-Lanza, J. C., Nocquet, J. M., Vaca, S., Meng, L., Ampuero, J.P., Mothes, P., Jarrin, P., Farfan, C.S., Rolandone, F., 2023. Self-reactivated Rupture During the 2019 Mw=8 Northern Peru Intraslab Earthquake. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 601, 117886.
  • 30. Yamashita, S., Yagi, Y., Okuwaki, R., 2022. Irregular Rupture Propagation and Geometric Fault Complexities During the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake. Sci. Rep., 12(1), 4575.
  • 31. Yagi, Y., Okuwaki, R., Enescu, B., Lu, J., 2023. Irregular Rupture Process of the 2022 Taitung, Taiwan, Earthquake Sequence. Sci. Rep., 13(1), 1107.
  • 32. Budakoğlu, E., Utkucu. M., 2021. 27 Haziran 1998 Adana (Mw=6.2) Depreminin Uzak Alan Dalga Şekillerinden Elde Edilen Faylanma Parametreleri. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 9(3), 743-757.
  • 33. Ünlügenç, U.C., 1993. Controls on Cenozoic Sedimentation in the Adana Basin, Southern Turkey. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Keele University, UK, 229.
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6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: Geological Data from the Field, Implications and Assessment for Adana City

Year 2023, , 553 - 569, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1334155

Abstract

After two major earthquakes (Mw 7.8 and 7.6) that occurred in Kahramanmaraş on Feb. 6, 2023 at 04:17 and 13:24 local time with an interval of approximately 9 hours, the geological data from the field were compiled and the formed surface deformation structures were examined. Surface ruptures that occurred in Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Adıyaman and Adana regions were defined and their orientation, slip direction, slip and surface movements such as landslides and rockfalls were reported in detail. After the earthquakes, the traces of the surface rupture along the southern segments of the East Anatolian Fault were observed in the field and an average of 3.5 meters sinistral offset was detected. Although the vertical offset reaches up to 1.5 meters, the northern block is generally elevated. While the orientation of the fault surface rupture is N10°E in the south (İslahiye), it changes to N45°-50°E in the northeast of Türkoğlu. On the Çardak Fault, where the second earthquake occurred, an average of 3.5 meters of left lateral slip was determined in the southeast parts of the Göksun district. Smaller-scale surface deformations interpreted together with the seismicity of Adana city.

References

  • 1. KRDAE, 2023. 06 Şubat 2023 Sofalaca- Şehitkamil- Gaziantep; Ekinözü- Kahramanmaraş ve 20 Şubat 2023 Hatay Depremleri Ön Değerlendirme Raporu, 25.
  • 2. KRDAE, 2023. 06 Şubat 2023 Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş Depremi Bülteni, 6.
  • 3. AFAD, 2023. 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık ve Elbistan) Depremleri Saha Çalışmaları Ön Değerlendirme Raporu, 29.
  • 4. Deprem Kataloğu, https://deprem.afad.gov.tr /event-catalog Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 2023
  • 5. M 7.8 - Pazarcik earthquake, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence USGS, 2023. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/executive Erişim tarihi: Mart 2023.
  • 6. KRDAE, 2023. Kahramanmaraş - Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 (04:17 GMT+03:00) Strong Ground Motion and Building Damage Estimations Preliminary Report (v6), 42.
  • 7. Hancılar. U., Şeşetyan, K., Çaktı, E., Yenihayat, E.Ş.N., Malcığlu, F.S., Dönmez, K., Tetik, T., Süleyman, H., 2023. Strong Ground Motion and Building Damage Estimations Preliminary Report, 42.
  • 8. Menekşe, A., 2016. Probabılıstıc Seismic Hazard Assessment For East Anatolian Fault Zone Using Planar Source Models. M.Sc Thesis, Natural and Applied Sciences of METU, 132.
  • 9. Duman, T.Y., Emre, Ö., 2013. The East Anatolian Fault: Geometry. Segmentation and Jog Characteristics Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 372, 495-529, 615 s.
  • 10. Westaway, R., 2004. Kinematic Consistency Between the Dead Sea Fault Zone and The Neogene and Quaternary Left-Lateral Faulting in SE Turkey. Tectonophysics, 391, 203-237.
  • 11. Emre, Ö., Duman, T. Y., Özalp, S., Şaroğlu, F., Olgun, Ş., Elmacı, H., Çan, T., 2016. Active Fault Database of Turkey. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-47.
  • 12. Herece, E., 2008. Doğu Anadolu Fayı (DAF) Atlası. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. Special Publications. Ankara, Serial Number, 13, 359.
  • 13. Westaway, R., 2003. Kinematics of The Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean Updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12, 5-46.
  • 14. Koç, A., 2005. Remote Sensing Study of Sürgü Fault Zone (Malatya, Turkey). Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Yayınlanmamış), Ankara, 90.
  • 15. Sunkar, M., Günek, H., Canpolat, C., 2008. Kurucaova ve Yakın Çevresinin (Malatya) Jeomorfolojisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 1-22.
  • 16. Koç, A., Kaymakcı, N., 2013. Kinematics of Sürgü Fault Zone (Malatya, Turkey): A remote sensing study. Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 292-307.
  • 17. Balkaya, M., Özden, S., Akyüz, H.S., 2021. Morphometric and Morphotectonic Characteristics of Sürgü and Çardak Faults (East Anatolian Fault Zone). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 375-392
  • 18. Soysal, H., Sipahioğlu, S., Kolçak, D., Altınok Y., 1981. Türkiye ve Çevresinin Tarihsel Deprem Kataloğu. TUBITAK, Proje no. TBAG 341, İstanbul, 86.
  • 19. Okuwaki, R., Yagi, Y., Taymaz, T., Hicks, S., 2023. Multi-scale Rupture Growth with Alternating Directions in a Complex Fault Network During the 2023 South-eastern Türkiye and Syria Earthquake Doublet. Geophysical Research Letters, 50.
  • 20. Reitman, N.G., Briggs, R.W, Barnhart, W.D., Thompson, J.A., DuRoss, C.B., Hatem, A.E., Gold, R.D., Mejstrik, J.D., 2023. Preliminary Fault Rupture Mapping of the 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 Türkiye Earthquakes.
  • 21. Harita Genel Müdürlüğü, 2023. https://atlas. harita.gov.tr/#5.76/38.422/35.189 Erişim Tarihi: Nisan 2023.
  • 22. Abercrombie, R.E., Antolik, M., Ekström, G., 2003. The June 2000 M w 7.9 Earthquakes South of Sumatra: Deformation in the India-Australia Plate. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 108(B1), ESE 6-1-ESE 6-16.
  • 23. Okuwaki, R., Fan, W., 2022. Oblique Convergence Causes Both Thrust and Strike-Slip Ruptures During the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti Earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49(2), 1-12.
  • 24. Bao, H., Ampuero, J.P., Meng, L., Fielding, E. Liang, C., Milliner, C., Feng, T., Huang, H., 2019. Early and Persistent Supershear Rupture of the 2018 Magnitude 7.5 Palu Earthquake. Nature Geoscience. 12.
  • 25. Socquet, A., Hollingsworth, J., Pathier, E., Bouchon, M., 2019. Evidence of Supershear During the 2018 Magnitude 7.5 Palu Earthquake from Space Geodesy. Nature Geoscience. 12.
  • 26. Nissen, E., Elliott, J.R., Sloan, R.A., Craig, T.J., Funning, G.J., Hutko, A., Parsons, B.E., Wright, T.J., 2016. Limitations of Rupture Forecasting Exposed by in Stantaneously Triggered Earthquake Doublet. Nat. Geosci., 9(4), 330-336.
  • 27. Fan, W., Shearer, P.M., 2016. Local Near Instantaneously Dynamically Triggered Aftershocks of Large Earthquakes. Science, 353(6304), 1133-1136.
  • 28. Hicks, S.P., Okuwaki, R., Steinberg, A., Rychert, C. A., Harmon, N., Abercrombie, R. E., Bogiatzis, P., Schlaphorst, D., Zahradnik, J., Kendall, J., Yagi, Y., Shimizu, K., Sudhaus, H., 2020. Back-propagating Supershear Rupture in the 2016 Mw 7.1 Romanche Transform Fault Earthquake. Nat. Geosci., 13(9), 647-653.
  • 29. Vallée, M., Xie, Y., Grandin, R., Villegas-Lanza, J. C., Nocquet, J. M., Vaca, S., Meng, L., Ampuero, J.P., Mothes, P., Jarrin, P., Farfan, C.S., Rolandone, F., 2023. Self-reactivated Rupture During the 2019 Mw=8 Northern Peru Intraslab Earthquake. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 601, 117886.
  • 30. Yamashita, S., Yagi, Y., Okuwaki, R., 2022. Irregular Rupture Propagation and Geometric Fault Complexities During the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake. Sci. Rep., 12(1), 4575.
  • 31. Yagi, Y., Okuwaki, R., Enescu, B., Lu, J., 2023. Irregular Rupture Process of the 2022 Taitung, Taiwan, Earthquake Sequence. Sci. Rep., 13(1), 1107.
  • 32. Budakoğlu, E., Utkucu. M., 2021. 27 Haziran 1998 Adana (Mw=6.2) Depreminin Uzak Alan Dalga Şekillerinden Elde Edilen Faylanma Parametreleri. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 9(3), 743-757.
  • 33. Ünlügenç, U.C., 1993. Controls on Cenozoic Sedimentation in the Adana Basin, Southern Turkey. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Keele University, UK, 229.
  • 34. Ayhan, E., Alsan, E., Sancaklı, N., Üçer, S.B., 1981. Turkey and Surrounding Earthquake Catalogue 1881-1980. Bogaziçi University Publications, İstanbul. 118.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Earthquake Engineering, General Geology, Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Can Akıncı This is me 0000-0002-6608-6607

Ulvi Can Ünlügenç This is me 0000-0002-4092-7041

Publication Date July 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Akıncı, A. C., & Ünlügenç, U. C. (2023). 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri: Sahadan Jeolojik Veriler, Değerlendirme ve Adana için Etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(2), 553-569. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1334155