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Using Ansys 3D Electromagnetic Analysis for Investigation the Effect of Harmonics on Power Transformers

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 89 - 93, 31.12.2023

Abstract

With the development of today's technology, the loads connected to the electrical grid systems have diversified. Parallel to the developments in semiconductor technology, there has been a great increase in the number of nonlinear loads. Since the current and voltage characteristics of these loads do not change linearly, they cause harmonic generation in the systems. Harmonics cause extra energy loss, heating and insulation failures in the systems. Transformers, which are an important part of power systems, carry harmonic load current. Considering that transformers operate continuously in power systems, harmonics can lead to increased transformer losses, reduced transformer life, insulation failures, indirect arcing and even transformer explosions. In this study, a 3D electromagnetic transient model design of a power transformer, whose actual dimensions and design are known from factory data, was created using ANSYS@Maxwell program. After the model was created, the electromagnetic states of the transformer under various harmonic currents were analyzed using the Finite Element method with ANSYS@Simplorer and ANSYS@Maxwell programs. The effects of electromagnetic conditions and losses on the transformer are investigated.

References

  • [1] Gupta, A, Singh, R. Computation of transformer losses under the effects of nonsinusoidal currents. Advanced Computing. 2011;2:6, 91-104.
  • [2] Hsiung-Cheng L. Power Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurement Using Recursive Group-Harmonic Power Minimizing Algorithm, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions. 2012; 59, 1184-1193.
  • [3] Chapman D. Harmonics–causes and effects. Leonardo Power Quality Application Guide.2001.
  • [4] Özüpak, Y, Mamiş, MS. Analysis of electromagnetic and loss effects of sub-harmonics on transformers by Finite Element Method. Sādhanā, 2020;45(1), 1-5. [5] IEC, IEC 61000-3-6 Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems,. ed, 2008.
  • [6] IEEE, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, ed: IEEE, 2014.
  • [7] Raichura M, Chothani N, Patel D, Mistry K. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) based discrimination of normal, inrush and fault conditions in power transformer. Renewable Energy Focus, 2021; 36, 43-55.
  • [8] Dao, T., & Phung, BT. Effects of voltage harmonic on losses and temperature rise in distribution transformers. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018;12(2), 347-354.
  • [9] Özüpak, Y. Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile Dağıtım Transformatörlerinin Harmonik Yük Kayıplarının Analizi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 202; 3(1), 38-46.
  • [10] Sadati SB, Tahani A, Darvishi B,Dargahi M, Yousefi H. Comparison ofDistribution Transformer Losses and Capacity under Linear and Harmonic Loads. In theproceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 1265-1269.
  • [11] Jayasinghe, NR, Lucas JR, Perera, KB. Power System Harmonic Effects on Distribution Transformer and New Design considerations for K Factor transformers. IEEE Sri Lanka Annual Sessions. 2003. Sri Lanka: IEEE.
  • [12] Fuchs EF, Yildrim DMack Grady , W. Measurement of eddy current loss coefficient pec-r, derating of single-phase transformers and comparison with k-factor approach. IEEE transaction on Power Delivery, 2000;15(1),148-154.
  • [13] IEEE Standard C57.110-1998, IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability when Supplying Non-sinusoidal Load Currents. IEEE Standards.
  • [14] Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load Currents, USA, 30 March 1999.
  • [15] Al Abri, RS, Albadi MH, Al Abri MH, Al Rasbi UK, Al Hasni MH, Al Shidi, SM. Impact of Harmonic Resonance and V-THD in Sohar Industrial Port–C Substation. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2016;10(2), 210-217.

Using Ansys 3D Electromagnetic Analysis for Investigation the Effect of Harmonics on Power Transformers

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 89 - 93, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Günümüz Teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte elektrik şebeke sistemlerine bağlı yükler çeşitlilik kazanmıştır. Bu yüklerin yarı iletken teknolojisindeki gelişmelere paralel olarak doğrusal olmayan yüklerin sayısında büyük bir artış olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yüklerin akım ve gerilim karakteristikleri doğrusal olarak değişmediğinden dolayı sistemlerde harmonik oluşumuna neden olurlar. Harmonikler sitemlerde fazladan enerji kaybına, ısınmalara ve izolasyon arızalarına yol açmaktadır. Güç sistemlerinin önemli bir parçası olan transformatörler harmonik yük akımı taşınmaktadır. Transformatörler güç sistemlerinde sürekli olarak çalıştığı göz önüne alındığında harmonikler, transformatör kayıpların artmasına, transformatör ömrünün azaltmasına, izolasyon arızlarına dolaylı olarak ark oluşumlarına hatta transformatör patlamalarına dahi yol açabilmektedir. Çalışmada, Fabrika verilerinden oluşan gerçek boyutları ve tasarımı bilinen bir güç transformatörünün ANSYS@Maxwell programı kullanılarak 3D elektromanyetik geçici durum model tasarımı oluşturulmuştur. Model oluşturulduktan sonra çeşitli harmonik akımları altında Ansys@Simplorer programıyla transformatörün elektromanyetik durumları Sonlu Elemanları yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların transformatör üzerindeki elektromanyetik durumların ve kayıpların etkileri araştırılmıştır.

References

  • [1] Gupta, A, Singh, R. Computation of transformer losses under the effects of nonsinusoidal currents. Advanced Computing. 2011;2:6, 91-104.
  • [2] Hsiung-Cheng L. Power Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurement Using Recursive Group-Harmonic Power Minimizing Algorithm, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions. 2012; 59, 1184-1193.
  • [3] Chapman D. Harmonics–causes and effects. Leonardo Power Quality Application Guide.2001.
  • [4] Özüpak, Y, Mamiş, MS. Analysis of electromagnetic and loss effects of sub-harmonics on transformers by Finite Element Method. Sādhanā, 2020;45(1), 1-5. [5] IEC, IEC 61000-3-6 Limits – Assessment of emission limits for the connection of distorting installations to MV, HV and EHV power systems,. ed, 2008.
  • [6] IEEE, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, ed: IEEE, 2014.
  • [7] Raichura M, Chothani N, Patel D, Mistry K. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) based discrimination of normal, inrush and fault conditions in power transformer. Renewable Energy Focus, 2021; 36, 43-55.
  • [8] Dao, T., & Phung, BT. Effects of voltage harmonic on losses and temperature rise in distribution transformers. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018;12(2), 347-354.
  • [9] Özüpak, Y. Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi ile Dağıtım Transformatörlerinin Harmonik Yük Kayıplarının Analizi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 202; 3(1), 38-46.
  • [10] Sadati SB, Tahani A, Darvishi B,Dargahi M, Yousefi H. Comparison ofDistribution Transformer Losses and Capacity under Linear and Harmonic Loads. In theproceedings of the IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 1265-1269.
  • [11] Jayasinghe, NR, Lucas JR, Perera, KB. Power System Harmonic Effects on Distribution Transformer and New Design considerations for K Factor transformers. IEEE Sri Lanka Annual Sessions. 2003. Sri Lanka: IEEE.
  • [12] Fuchs EF, Yildrim DMack Grady , W. Measurement of eddy current loss coefficient pec-r, derating of single-phase transformers and comparison with k-factor approach. IEEE transaction on Power Delivery, 2000;15(1),148-154.
  • [13] IEEE Standard C57.110-1998, IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability when Supplying Non-sinusoidal Load Currents. IEEE Standards.
  • [14] Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load Currents, USA, 30 March 1999.
  • [15] Al Abri, RS, Albadi MH, Al Abri MH, Al Rasbi UK, Al Hasni MH, Al Shidi, SM. Impact of Harmonic Resonance and V-THD in Sohar Industrial Port–C Substation. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2016;10(2), 210-217.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Power Plants
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Feyyaz Alpsalaz

Mehmet Salih Mamiş

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date October 20, 2023
Acceptance Date November 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE F. Alpsalaz and M. S. Mamiş, “Using Ansys 3D Electromagnetic Analysis for Investigation the Effect of Harmonics on Power Transformers”, CÜMFAD, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 89–93, 2023.