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Analysis of somatotype on liver, spleen and kidney morphology in healthy children: an ultrasonographic anatomy study

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 478 - 485, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1662614

Abstract

Purpose: Somatotype is a quantitative expression of an individual’s current morphological configuration and consists of three classifications: mesomorphy, endomorphy and ectomorphy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between somatotype and liver, spleen, and kidney morphometry in healthy children utilizing ultrasonographic (USG) methods.
Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy children between the ages of 7 and 10 participated in the study. The sizes of liver, spleen and kidney were measured using USG. The children’s somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method by taking 10 anthropometric measurements.
Results: As a result of the measurements, it was determined that the highest value of liver length was 11.9 cm (9.9-13.6) in Mesomorph Endomorph somatotype and the smallest value was 10.9 (9-12.3) in central somatotype. The highest value of right kidney vertical length was 32 mm (25-45) in Mesomorph Endomorph somatotype and the lowest value was 29 mm (25-34) in central somatotype. According to the results of the Kruskall Wallis H test analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between liver length and right kidney vertical length measurements and somatotypes (p<0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated that this difference was due to the central and mesomorph-endomorph somatotypes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that our results should be taken into consideration for clinical diagnoses. Additionally, we suggest that taking our measurement results into consideration in abdominal ultrasound scans is necessary for an accurate evaluation. We think that clinicians evaluating the pathologies of diseases related to the organs we measured should not forget the size changes according to the somatotype results.

Ethical Statement

Ethical Consideration: Malatya Clinical Researches Ethical Board (2021/117).

Supporting Institution

Funding: The study was not funded by any instution/person.

References

  • Filatova O, Tretyakova I, Kovrigin A, Yermakov S, Nikolaeva I, Semenova I et al. Body composition and metabolic parameters in girls with different somatotypes. Hum Ecol. 2021;28:20-7.
  • Demir M, Baykara M, Yiğitkanlı T, Doğaner A, Çiçek M, Akkeçeci N et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of spleen, kidney and liver size in licensed football players. Anatomy. 2018;12:83-9.
  • Galić BS, Pavlica T, Udicki M, Stokić E, Mikalački M, Korovljev D et al. Somatotype characteristics of normal-weight and obese women among different metabolic subtypes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60:60-5.
  • Carter J. The Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype [CD-ROM]. 2002.
  • Subramanian SK, Sharma VK, Rajendran R, Dhamodharan S, Srinivasan S, Mohan M et al. Assessment of heart rate variability for different somatotype category among adolescents. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30.
  • Rosenberg H, Markowitz R, Kolberg H, Park C, Hubbard A, Bellah R et al. Normal splenic size in infants and children: sonographic measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157:119-21.
  • Bakhareva N, Gordeeva E, Ivanova A, Stepanov P, Morozov V, Kuznetsova M et al. Relationship between sizes of the abdominal cavity and some somatometric indicators of men of young and middle ages. Int Sci Res J. 2018;71:91-5.
  • Baumgardner RN, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Slaughter MH, Himes JH et al. Bioelectrical impedance for body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;48:16-25.
  • Holder LE, Strife JL, Padikal TN, Perkins PJ, Kereiakes JG, Kirks DR et al. Liver size determination in pediatrics using sonographic and scintigraphic techniques. Radiology. 1975;117:349-53.
  • Konuş O, Ozdemir A, Akkaya A, Erbaş G, Celik H, Işik S et al. Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1693-8.
  • Niederau C, Sonnenberg A, Müller JE, Erckenbrecht JF, Scholten T, Fritsch WP et al. Sonographic measurements of the normal liver, spleen, pancreas, and portal vein. Radiology. 1983;149:537-40.
  • Norton K, Olds T. Anthropometrica: a textbook of body measurement for sports and health courses. Sydney: UNSW Press; 1996.
  • Gunas I, Melnik M, Majewskyi O, Shevchuk Y, Kurylenko A, Kravchenko S et al. Features of sonographic parameters of liver in practically healthy men of different somatotypes, in the Podilski region of Ukraine. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2017;30:86-9.
  • Doğan TH, Başak M, Karatağ O, Değirmenci H, Özkurt H, Yılmaz M et al. 0-14 yaş arası sağlıklı çocuklarda karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek boyutlarının sonografik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı Hast Derg. 2004;47:107-13.
  • Bayramoğlu D. Çocuklarda karaciğer hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı Hast Derg. 2002;11:173-6.
  • Dittrich M, Milde S, Dinkel E, Baumann W, Weitzel D, Kallfelz CF et al. Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size in childhood. Pediatr Radiol. 1983;13:206-11.
  • Rocha SMS, Ferrer APS, Oliveira IRS, Duarte ML, Silva AC, Martins JC et al. Sonographic determination of liver size in healthy newborns, infants and children under 7 years of age. Radiol Bras. 2009;42:7-13.
  • Saraç K, Kutlu R, Yakıncı C, Durmaz Y, Baysal T, Özgen Ü et al. Sonographic evaluation of liver and spleen size in school-age children. Turk J Med Sci. 2000;30:187-90.
  • Dhingra B, Sharma S, Mishra D, Kumari R, Pandey RM, Aggarwal S et al. Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:487-90.
  • Safak AA, Simsek E, Bahcebasi T, Gökçe E, Bektas H, Yildiz M et al. Sonographic assessment of the normal limits and percentile curves of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in healthy school-aged children. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1359-64.
  • Schlesinger AE, Edgar K, Boxer LA, Kaplan BS, Young LW, Dyer R et al. Volume of the spleen in children as measured on CT scans: normal standards as a function of body weight. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:1107-9.
  • Christophe C, Cantraine F, Bogaert C, Deconinck B, Muller MF, Wilmotte J et al. Ultrasound: a method for kidney size monitoring in children. Eur J Pediatr. 1986;145:532-8

Sağlıklı çocuklarda somatotipin karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek morfolojisi üzerindeki etkisinin analizi: bir ultrasonografik anatomi çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 478 - 485, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1662614

Abstract

Amaç: Somatotip, bireyin mevcut morfolojik durumunun nicel bir ifadesidir ve mezomorfi, endomorfi ve ektomorfi olmak üzere üç derecelendirmeden oluşur. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı çocuklarda somatotipin karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek morfometrisi ile ilişkisini ultrasonografik (USG) yöntem kullanarak incelemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 7 ile 10 arasında değişen 100 sağlıklı çocuk katıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen çocuklarda USG ile karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek boyutları ölçüldü. Çocukların somatotipleri 10 antropometrik ölçüm alınarak Heath-Carter yöntemine göre belirlendi.
Bulgular: Yapılan ölçüm sonucunda karaciğer uzunluğunun en yüksek değerinin 11.9 cm (9.9-13.6) ile mesomorph endomorph somatotipinde, en küçük değerinin 10.9 (9-12.3) ile santral somatotipinde olduğu belirlendi. Sağ böbrek vertikal uzunluğunun, en yüksek değerinin 32 mm (25-45) ile ile mesomorph endomorph somatotipinde, en küçük değerinin 29 mm (25-34) ile santral somatotipinde olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan Kruskall Wallis H testi analiz sonucuna göre karaciğer uzunluğu ve sağ böbrek vertical uzunluk ölçümleri ile somatotipler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). Yapılan Post-Hoc analizi sonucuna göre bu farkın santral ve mezomorf-endomorf somatotiplerinden kaynaklandığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak klinikte tanı konulurken bulduğumuz sonuçların dikkate alınması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz. Ayrıca abdominal ultrason çekimlerinde ölçüm sonuçlarımızın göz önünde bulundurulmasının doğru bir değerlendirme için gerekli olduğu kanaatindeyiz. Ölçüm yaptığımız organlarla ilgili hastalıkların patolojilerini değerlendiren klinisyenlerin somatotip sonuçlarına göre boyut değişimlerini unutmaması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

References

  • Filatova O, Tretyakova I, Kovrigin A, Yermakov S, Nikolaeva I, Semenova I et al. Body composition and metabolic parameters in girls with different somatotypes. Hum Ecol. 2021;28:20-7.
  • Demir M, Baykara M, Yiğitkanlı T, Doğaner A, Çiçek M, Akkeçeci N et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of spleen, kidney and liver size in licensed football players. Anatomy. 2018;12:83-9.
  • Galić BS, Pavlica T, Udicki M, Stokić E, Mikalački M, Korovljev D et al. Somatotype characteristics of normal-weight and obese women among different metabolic subtypes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60:60-5.
  • Carter J. The Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype [CD-ROM]. 2002.
  • Subramanian SK, Sharma VK, Rajendran R, Dhamodharan S, Srinivasan S, Mohan M et al. Assessment of heart rate variability for different somatotype category among adolescents. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30.
  • Rosenberg H, Markowitz R, Kolberg H, Park C, Hubbard A, Bellah R et al. Normal splenic size in infants and children: sonographic measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157:119-21.
  • Bakhareva N, Gordeeva E, Ivanova A, Stepanov P, Morozov V, Kuznetsova M et al. Relationship between sizes of the abdominal cavity and some somatometric indicators of men of young and middle ages. Int Sci Res J. 2018;71:91-5.
  • Baumgardner RN, Roche AF, Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Slaughter MH, Himes JH et al. Bioelectrical impedance for body composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;48:16-25.
  • Holder LE, Strife JL, Padikal TN, Perkins PJ, Kereiakes JG, Kirks DR et al. Liver size determination in pediatrics using sonographic and scintigraphic techniques. Radiology. 1975;117:349-53.
  • Konuş O, Ozdemir A, Akkaya A, Erbaş G, Celik H, Işik S et al. Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1693-8.
  • Niederau C, Sonnenberg A, Müller JE, Erckenbrecht JF, Scholten T, Fritsch WP et al. Sonographic measurements of the normal liver, spleen, pancreas, and portal vein. Radiology. 1983;149:537-40.
  • Norton K, Olds T. Anthropometrica: a textbook of body measurement for sports and health courses. Sydney: UNSW Press; 1996.
  • Gunas I, Melnik M, Majewskyi O, Shevchuk Y, Kurylenko A, Kravchenko S et al. Features of sonographic parameters of liver in practically healthy men of different somatotypes, in the Podilski region of Ukraine. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2017;30:86-9.
  • Doğan TH, Başak M, Karatağ O, Değirmenci H, Özkurt H, Yılmaz M et al. 0-14 yaş arası sağlıklı çocuklarda karaciğer, dalak ve böbrek boyutlarının sonografik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı Hast Derg. 2004;47:107-13.
  • Bayramoğlu D. Çocuklarda karaciğer hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı Hast Derg. 2002;11:173-6.
  • Dittrich M, Milde S, Dinkel E, Baumann W, Weitzel D, Kallfelz CF et al. Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size in childhood. Pediatr Radiol. 1983;13:206-11.
  • Rocha SMS, Ferrer APS, Oliveira IRS, Duarte ML, Silva AC, Martins JC et al. Sonographic determination of liver size in healthy newborns, infants and children under 7 years of age. Radiol Bras. 2009;42:7-13.
  • Saraç K, Kutlu R, Yakıncı C, Durmaz Y, Baysal T, Özgen Ü et al. Sonographic evaluation of liver and spleen size in school-age children. Turk J Med Sci. 2000;30:187-90.
  • Dhingra B, Sharma S, Mishra D, Kumari R, Pandey RM, Aggarwal S et al. Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:487-90.
  • Safak AA, Simsek E, Bahcebasi T, Gökçe E, Bektas H, Yildiz M et al. Sonographic assessment of the normal limits and percentile curves of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in healthy school-aged children. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1359-64.
  • Schlesinger AE, Edgar K, Boxer LA, Kaplan BS, Young LW, Dyer R et al. Volume of the spleen in children as measured on CT scans: normal standards as a function of body weight. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:1107-9.
  • Christophe C, Cantraine F, Bogaert C, Deconinck B, Muller MF, Wilmotte J et al. Ultrasound: a method for kidney size monitoring in children. Eur J Pediatr. 1986;145:532-8
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Radiology and Organ Imaging, Diagnostic Radiography
Journal Section Research
Authors

Hilal Er Ulubaba 0000-0003-2124-4525

Rukiye Çiftçi 0000-0002-5894-5256

Deniz Şenol 0000-0001-6226-9222

Şeyma Toy 0000-0002-6067-0087

Erhan Berk 0000-0002-7144-6320

Muhammet Bora Uzuner 0000-0001-6557-3086

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date March 26, 2025
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 50 Issue: 2

Cite

MLA Er Ulubaba, Hilal et al. “Analysis of Somatotype on Liver, Spleen and Kidney Morphology in Healthy Children: An Ultrasonographic Anatomy Study”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 50, no. 2, 2025, pp. 478-85, doi:10.17826/cumj.1662614.