Research Article

The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries

Volume: 11 Number: 2 November 30, 2025
TR EN

The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries

Abstract

This study investigates the Granger causality relationship between the technical efficiency of health expenditures and key macroeconomic indicators. The aim is to assess how efficiently countries convert healthcare spending into health outcomes. The analysis covers Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, and Türkiye over the period 2000–2022 using World Bank data. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to compute technical efficiency scores, using private, public, and out-of-pocket health expenditures as inputs, and life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate as outputs. In the second stage, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test examines causal links between health expenditure efficiency and macroeconomic variables: unemployment, inflation, and per capita income. The DEA results reveal differences in efficiency levels among the countries studied. The causality analysis identifies a bidirectional relationship between per capita income and health expenditure efficiency. Additionally, unidirectional causality is observed from efficiency scores to both unemployment and inflation. The findings suggest that improving health expenditure efficiency not only enhances health outcomes but also influences macroeconomic stability. While rising efficiency seems linked to lower unemployment and inflation, this claim should be moderated to avoid implying a causal relationship. Moreover, the feedback loop between per capita income and efficiency underscores the need for policies that promote both economic growth and effective healthcare spending.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Services and Systems (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

November 30, 2025

Publication Date

November 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

APA
Çakmak, C., Turna, Y., & Biçer, İ. (2025). The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Current Research in Social Sciences, 11(2), 478-494. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343
AMA
1.Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 2025;11(2):478-494. doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343
Chicago
Çakmak, Cuma, Yaşar Turna, and İsmail Biçer. 2025. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences 11 (2): 478-94. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
EndNote
Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ (November 1, 2025) The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Current Research in Social Sciences 11 2 478–494.
IEEE
[1]C. Çakmak, Y. Turna, and İ. Biçer, “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”, Curr Res Soc Sci, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 478–494, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
ISNAD
Çakmak, Cuma - Turna, Yaşar - Biçer, İsmail. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences 11/2 (November 1, 2025): 478-494. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
JAMA
1.Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 2025;11:478–494.
MLA
Çakmak, Cuma, et al. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, Nov. 2025, pp. 478-94, doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
Vancouver
1.Cuma Çakmak, Yaşar Turna, İsmail Biçer. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 2025 Nov. 1;11(2):478-94. doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343