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The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 30 Kasım 2025
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The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries

Öz

This study investigates the Granger causality relationship between the technical efficiency of health expenditures and key macroeconomic indicators. The aim is to assess how efficiently countries convert healthcare spending into health outcomes. The analysis covers Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, and Türkiye over the period 2000–2022 using World Bank data. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to compute technical efficiency scores, using private, public, and out-of-pocket health expenditures as inputs, and life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate as outputs. In the second stage, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test examines causal links between health expenditure efficiency and macroeconomic variables: unemployment, inflation, and per capita income. The DEA results reveal differences in efficiency levels among the countries studied. The causality analysis identifies a bidirectional relationship between per capita income and health expenditure efficiency. Additionally, unidirectional causality is observed from efficiency scores to both unemployment and inflation. The findings suggest that improving health expenditure efficiency not only enhances health outcomes but also influences macroeconomic stability. While rising efficiency seems linked to lower unemployment and inflation, this claim should be moderated to avoid implying a causal relationship. Moreover, the feedback loop between per capita income and efficiency underscores the need for policies that promote both economic growth and effective healthcare spending.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Afonso, A., & Aubyn, M. S. (2005). Non-parametric approaches to education and health efficiency in OECD countries. Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 227–246.
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  3. Akin, C. S. (2007). Sağlık ve sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye’de sağlık sektörü ve harcamaları [Yüksek lisans tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. İstanbul, Türkiye.
  4. Akobi, K. C., Umeora, C. E., & Atueyi, C. L. (2021). Government expenditure and inflation rate in Nigeria. International Journal of Business Systems and Economics, 13(4), 276–293.
  5. Alper, A., & Oransay, G. (2015). Cari açık ve finansal gelişmişlik ilişkisinin panel nedensellik analizi ekseninde değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 1(2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.182896
  6. Amiri, M. M., Kazemian, M., Motaghed, Z., & Abdi, Z. (2021). Systematic review of factors determining health care expenditures. Health Policy and Technology, 10(2), 100498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.01.004
  7. Badri, A. K., & Badri, S. K. (2016). Health spending and economic growth in selected OECD countries. American Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2(1), 5–9.
  8. Bassey, J. U., Riman, H. B., & Edu, B. E. (2025). Health care expenditure in Nigeria: Does the level of government spending really matter? SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1540279 (Accessed July 12, 2025)

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

24 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çakmak, C., Turna, Y., & Biçer, İ. (2025). The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Current Research in Social Sciences, 11(2), 478-494. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343
AMA
1.Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 2025;11(2):478-494. doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343
Chicago
Çakmak, Cuma, Yaşar Turna, ve İsmail Biçer. 2025. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences 11 (2): 478-94. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
EndNote
Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ (01 Kasım 2025) The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Current Research in Social Sciences 11 2 478–494.
IEEE
[1]C. Çakmak, Y. Turna, ve İ. Biçer, “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”, Curr Res Soc Sci, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 478–494, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
ISNAD
Çakmak, Cuma - Turna, Yaşar - Biçer, İsmail. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences 11/2 (01 Kasım 2025): 478-494. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
JAMA
1.Çakmak C, Turna Y, Biçer İ. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 2025;11:478–494.
MLA
Çakmak, Cuma, vd. “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries”. Current Research in Social Sciences, c. 11, sy 2, Kasım 2025, ss. 478-94, doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343.
Vancouver
1.Cuma Çakmak, Yaşar Turna, İsmail Biçer. The Relationship Between Health Expenditure Efficiency and Key Macroeconomic Variables: Evidence from MIST Countries. Curr Res Soc Sci. 01 Kasım 2025;11(2):478-94. doi:10.30613/curesosc.1750343