Defne yaprağı esansiyel yağının Prevotella intermedia'ya karşı antibakteriyel ve antibiyofilm etkisinin değerlendirilmesi: in vitro bir çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 35 Issue: 4, 270 - 276, 21.10.2025

Elmir Abbasov Meltem Hendek , Büşra Moran , Kubilay Barış , Mustafa Türk , Ebru Olgun

https://doi.org/10.17567/currresdentsci.1437490

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, defne yaprağı yağının Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) DSM20706'ya karşı antimikrobiyal ve antibiyofilm aktivitesini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntemler: Defne yaprağı yağının bileşenleri gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektroskopisi (GK-KS) ile tespit edildi. Defne yaprağı yağının fibroblast hücrelerine sitotoksisitesini tespit etmek için agar difüzyon sitotoksisite yöntemi ve antibakteriyel aktiviteyi belirlemek için minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) testi kullanıldı. Defne yaprağı yağının bakteri morfolojisi üzerindeki etkisi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve floresans mikroskobu kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca defne yaprağı yağının diş eti fibroblast hücre morfolojisi üzerine etkisi de araştırıldı. Defne yaprağı yağının biyofilm oluşumuna etkisi mikroplaka okuyucu kullanılarak sayısal olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: 1,8-sineol (%64,43), terpinenil asetat (%11,56) ve pinen (%5,62) ana bileşenler olarak bulundu. Direkt ve %50 konsantrasyonda defne yaprağı yağı uygulanan hücre gruplarında sitotoksik etki gözlenmedi ve zon çapı gözlenmedi. Defne yaprağı yağının P.intermedia için MİK değeri 6,25μl olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca defne yaprağı yağı 3.125μl konsantrasyonda uygulandığında biyofilm oluşumu gözlenmedi. SEM'den elde edilen görüntülerde mikroorganizmaya uygulanan defne yaprağı yağının bakterileri yok ettiği görüldü. Floresan mikroskobunda bakterilerin parçalandığı ve parçacıkların yayıldığı gözlendi. Çift boyama solüsyonu ile boyanan fibroblast hücreleri floresan mikroskobu altında incelendiğinde hücrelerin ölmediği görüldü.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak defne yaprağı yağının P.intermedia DSM20706'ya karşı antibakteriyel ve antibiyofilm etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

Antimikrobiyal aktivite, , in vitro, , defne yağrağı yağı, , P. intermedia

Project Number

This study was supported by the Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Unit with project number 2022/016

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Laurel Leaf Essential Oil Against Prevotella intermedia: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of laurel leaf oil against Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) DSM20706.
Methods: The components of laurel leaf oil were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GK-KS). The agar diffusion cytotoxicity method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of laurel leaf oil to fibroblast cells, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was used to determine antibacterial activity. The effect of laurel leaf oil on bacterial morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the effect of laurel leaf oil on gingival fibroblast cell morphology was studied. The effect of laurel leaf oil on biofilm formation was evaluated numerically using a microplate reader.
Results: 1,8-cineole (64.43%), terpinenyl acetate (11.56%) and pinene (5.62%) were found to be the main constituents. No cytotoxic effect was observed in the cell groups treated directly and with 50% concentration of laurel leaf oil and no zone diameter was observed. The MIC value of the laurel leaf oil for P.intermedia was determined to be 6.25µl. Moreover, no biofilm formation was observed when laurel leaf oil was applied at a concentration of 3.125µl. The images obtained from SEM showed that the laurel leaf oil applied to the microorganism destroyed the bacteria. In fluorescence microscope, it was observed that the bacteria were fragmented and the particles radiated. When fibroblast cells stained with double staining solution were examined under the fluorescence microscope, it was found that the cells had not died.
Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that laurel leaf oil has antibacterial and antibiofilm effect against P.intermedia DSM20706.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, in vitro, laurel leaf oil, P. intermedia

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity, , in vitro, , laurel leaf oil, , P. intermedia

Ethical Statement

Since there was no human/animal substrate in this study, no ethical approval was obtained.

Project Number

This study was supported by the Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Unit with project number 2022/016

References

• 1. Aimetti M. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Int J Esthet Dent. 2014;9(2):251–267.
• 2. Herrera D, Matesanz P, Bascones-Martínez A, Sanz M. Local and systemic antimicrobial therapy in periodontics. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012;12(3 Suppl):50–60.
• 3. Martínez C, Diaz Gómez M, Oh MS. Use of traditional herbal medicine as an alternative in dental treatment in Mexican dentistry: a review. Pharm Biol. 2017;55(1):1992–1998.
• 4. Khameneh B, Iranshahy M, Soheili V, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Review on plant antimicrobials: a mechanistic viewpoint. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:118.
• 5. Bunte K, Hensel A, Beikler T. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Fitoterapia. 2019;132:30–39.
• 6. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food And Chemical Toxicology: Int J Publish Br Industr Biolog Res Assoc. 2008;46(2):446–475.
• 7. Bassolé IH, Juliani HR. Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2012;17(4):3989–4006.
• 8. Mutlu-Ingok A, Devecioglu D, Dikmetas DN, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Capanoglu E. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimycotoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils: An Updated Review. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;25(20):4711.
• 9. Paparella A, Nawade B, Shaltiel-Harpaz L, Ibdah, M. A Review of the Botany, Volatile Composition, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects, and Traditional Uses of Laurus nobilis. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). 2022;11(9):1209.
• 10. Ozcan B, Esen M, Sangun MK, Coleri A, Caliskan M. Effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of Laurus nobilis seed oil. J Environ Biol. 2010;31(5):637–641.
• 11. Cai ZM, Peng JQ, Chen Y, et al. 1,8-Cineole: a review of source, biological activities, and application. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2021;23(10):938–954.
• 12. Juergens LJ, Worth H, Juergens UR. New Perspectives for Mucolytic, Anti-inflammatory and Adjunctive Therapy with 1,8-Cineole in COPD and Asthma: Review on the New Therapeutic Approach. Adv Ther. 2020;37(5):1737–1753.
• 13. Juergens UR. Anti-inflammatory properties of the monoterpene 1.8-cineole: current evidence for co-medication in inflammatory airway diseases. Prog Drug Res. 2014;64(12):638–646.
• 14. Rocha Caldas GF, Oliveira AR, Araújo AV, et al. Gastroprotective Mechanisms of the Monoterpene 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol). PloS One. 2015;10(8):e0134558.
• 15. Murata S, Shiragami R, Kosugi C, et al. Antitumor effect of 1, 8-cineole against colon cancer. Oncol Rep. 2013;30(6):2647–2652.
• 16. Seol GH, Kim KY. Eucalyptol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;929:389–398.
• 17. Merghni A, Noumi E, Hadded O, et al. Assessment of the antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities of Eucalyptus cglobulus essential oil and its main component 1,8-cineole against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Microb Pathog. 2018;118:74–80.
• 18. Moghimi R, Aliahmadi A, Rafati H. Ultrasonic nanoemulsification of food grade trans-cinnamaldehyde: 1,8-Cineol and investigation of the mechanism of antibacterial activity. Ultrason Sonochem. 2017;35(Pt A):415–421.
• 19. Erdem U, Bozer BM, Turkoz MB, et al. Spectral analysis and biological activity assessment of silver doped hydroxyapatite. J Asian Ceramic Soc. 2021;9(4):1524-1545.
• 20. International Organization for Standardization. Dentistry-Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Medical Devices Used in Dentistry. ISO. (2018).
• 21. Merghni A, Marzouki H, Hentati H, Aouni M, Mastouri M. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with oral infections. Pathol Biol. 2015;S0369-8114(15)00101-7.
• 22. Caputo L, Nazzaro F, Souza LF, et al. Laurus nobilis: Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2017;22(6):930.
• 23. Nabila B, Piras A, Fouzia B, et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis leaves. Nat Prod Res. 2022;36(4):989–993.
• 24. Şimşek M, Duman R. Investigation of Effect of 1,8-cineole on Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017;9(3):234–237.
• 25. Park M, Bae J, Lee DS. Antibacterial activity of [10]-gingerol and [12]-gingerol isolated from ginger rhizome against periodontal bacteria. Phytother Res: PTR. 2008;22(11):1446–1449.
• 26. Izui S, Sekine S, Maeda K, et al. Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontopathic Bacteria. J Periodontol. 2016;87(1):83–90.
• 27. Ramak P, Talei GR. Chemical composition, cytotoxic effect and antimicrobial activity of Stachys koelzii Rech.f. essential oil against periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia. Microb Pathog. 2018;124:272–278.